Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers in COVID-19 Prevention: A Multidimensional Perspective.

The global use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) as an important means of controlling the transmission of infectious disease has increased significantly as governments and public health agencies across the world advocated hand hygiene as a preventative measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the performance of these products is most commonly defined as a function of their alcohol concentration, they are multifaceted products in which an interplay of several factors is important in determining efficacy. This paper discusses the interplay between ABHS input (formulation) factors and output (product performance) factors in the context of a multidimensional perspective using a novel representative paradigm.

Chewable Antacid Tablets: Are Disintegration Tests Relevant?

A recently published FDA guidance on chewable tablets has addressed the quality attributes of this class of dosage forms. This study evaluated disintegration as a quality attribute for a number of commercially available chewable antacid tablets. Additionally, acid-neutralizing-capacity values were evaluated.

Oral administration of Coenzyme Q protects mice against oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation during experimental cerebral malaria.

In animal model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), the genesis of neuropathology is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. There is limited progress in the development of new approaches to the treatment of cerebral malaria. Here, we tested whether oral supplementation of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) would offer protection against oxidative stress and brain associated inflammation following Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 J mouse model.

COMPARISON OF LOSARTAN AND ENALAPRIL EFFECTS ON RENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AT A KENYAN REFERRAL HOSPITAL.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare renal function in diabetic hypertensive chronic kidney disease patients receiving enalapril or losartan.

Design: This was a retrospective analytic cohort study.

Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Characterization of the interactions between polymethacrylate-based aqueous polymeric dispersions and aluminum lakes.

Instability in film coating formulations can arise from interactions between aluminum lake pigments and aqueous polymeric dispersions. The purpose of this study was to characterize the interactions between three polymethacrylate-based aqueous polymeric dispersions (Eudragit RS 30 D, Eudragit L 30 D-55, and Eudragit NE 30 D) and aluminum lakes. Particle size measurements, pH stability profiles, zeta potential measurements, and microscopy were used to study mixed dispersions of the polymeric latices and the lakes.

Influence of various drugs on the glass transition temperature of poly(vinylpyrrolidone): a thermodynamic and spectroscopic investigation.

Purpose: To determine the influence of hydrogen bonding and solubility parameter on the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of various drug-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) blends.

Methods: The T(g) of PVP films containing either acetaminophen, naproxen, salicylamide, carbamazepine, griseofulvin or propranolol hydrochloride were measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the specific interactions between the drug-PVP blends and the physical state of the films, respectively.

Assessment of polymer-polymer interactions in blends of HPMC and film forming polymers by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry.

Purpose: To assess the miscibility and phase behavior of binary blends of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methylcellulose (MC), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

Methods: Polymer-polymer miscibility was assessed by measurement of the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the width of the glass transition temperature (W-Tg), using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC).

Results: HPMC K4M/PVP and HPMC E5/MC blends were miscible as evidenced by a single, composition dependent, Tg throughout the entire composition range.

Intragastric intubation: important aspects of the model for administration of ethanol to rat pups during the postnatal period.

One technique for the controlled delivery of ethanol to neonatal rat pups is intragastric intubation. Often, the vehicle used for delivery of ethanol is composed of a nutrient mixture to compensate for decreased suckling or other possible nutritional compromise. This study analyzed the selection of nutrient vehicle, the combination of experimental treatment groups within a litter, and the overall litter size on the growth rate of ethanol-intubated and intubated-control pups, compared with mother-raised control pups.

Nutritional factors modify the inhibition of CNS development by combined exposure to methadone and ethanol in neonatal rats.

The consequences resulting from the combined exposure to methadone and ethanol during a time period equivalent to the third trimester brain growth spurt was the purpose of this study. Rat pups were treated on postnatal days 6-10 and sacrificed on postnatal day 11. Body weight along with the heart, liver, kidneys, whole brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem weights were measured.