Band gap measurement by nano-beam STEM with small off-axis angle transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEELS).

An energy band gap measurement method based on nano-beam STEM with small off-axis angle valence band transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEELS) is reported. The effect of multiple scattering event is removed by self-convolution method to obtain a single scattering loss function and a dielectric function is calculated from the single scattering valence band energy loss function through Kramers-Kronig (K-K) analysis. Optical band gaps are extracted from energy loss spectra and the imaginary part of the dielectric functions for crystalline and amorphous SiO, SiN, and SiON through linear fitting of on-set regions yielding results that are independent of sample thickness.

Hepatic blood flow measurement III. Total hepatic blood flow measured by ICG clearance and electromagnetic flowmeters in a canine septic shock model.

The validity of the ICG clearance method for the measurement of THBF in abnormal circulatory states remains questionable. In this study THBF measured by this method is compared with the electromagnetic flow technique in a canine spetic model. Good correlation is demonstrated between the two in normal control animals.

Hepatic blood flow measurement.

Although many experimental studies have been made to determine the total hepatic blood flow in steady circulatory states, very few have been done in unsteady states of either circulatory overload or underload. In this experiment, a comparison is made between total hepatic blood flow measured by the single injection of indocyanine green and the electromagnetic flow methods in the dog, in which circulatory overload was induced by dextran 40 infusion. While there was close correlation between the values obtained by the two methods in normal dogs, following dextran infusion the indirect indocyanine green method overestimated hepatic blood flow by 40% to 60%, using the electromagnetic method as a comparison standard.