Sex, Knowledge, and Attitude of Stroke Survivors Attending Bebe Herbal Center on Risk Factors before and after Stroke.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent stroke survivors who attended an herbal center knew of stroke risk factors and whether significant sex differences existed. . This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2018 at Bebe Herbal Center, and it involved two well-trained assistants who interviewed 149 first-time stroke survivors after consent and ethical approval were obtained.

Methyl aspartylphenylalanine, the pons and cerebellum in mice: An evaluation of motor, morphological, biochemical, immunohistochemical and apoptotic effects.

In this study, adult mice were assigned to five groups, and administered vehicle (distilled water), or aspartame (20, 40, 80 and 160mg/kg body weight) for 28days. Behavioural tests to assess motor-balance and gait were conducted on day 28, following which animals were sacrificed. Sections of the cerebellar cortex and pons were processed, for general histology and Bielschwosky's silver staining protocol.

Aspartame and the hippocampus: Revealing a bi-directional, dose/time-dependent behavioural and morphological shift in mice.

Changes, in behaviour, oxidative markers of stress and hippocampal morphology were evaluated following aspartame administration. Mice, (20-22g each) were given vehicle (10ml/kg) or aspartame (20, 40, 80 and 160mg/kg) daily for 28days. They were tested in the Y-maze, radial-arm maze and elevated plus-maze (EPM) after the first and last dose of vehicle or aspartame; and then sacrificed.

Null allele mutants of trt-1, the catalytic subunit of telomerase in Caenorhabditis elegans, are less sensitive to Mn-induced toxicity and DAergic degeneration.

Exposure to manganese (Mn) represents an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of mammalian telomerase participates in non-telomeric functions and may play a role in cellular protection from oxidative stress and DNA damage. trt-1 is the catalytic subunit of telomerase in Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

Alterations in behaviour, cerebral cortical morphology and cerebral oxidative stress markers following aspartame ingestion.

Objective: The study evaluated changes in open field behaviours, cerebral cortical histomorphology and biochemical markers of oxidative stress following repeated administration of aspartame in mice.

Methodology: Adult mice were assigned into five groups of twelve each. Vehicle (distilled water), or aspartame (20, 40, 80 and 160mg/kg body weight) were administered orally for 28days.

Nicotine inhibits hippocampal and striatal acetylcholinesterase activities, and demonstrates dual action on adult neuronal proliferation and maturation.

Aim: The present study investigated the effects of nicotine on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the hippocampus and striatum; and on immunoreactivity of certain neurogenic markers in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus.

Methods: Male rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of nicotine at doses of 0.25, 2 or 4mg/kg body weight for 28 days.

Hippocampal and striatal histomorphology following chronic nicotine administration in female and male rats.

Background: Nicotine is a subject of continuous research because of its likely ameliorative effects on neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of its chronic subcutaneous administration on hippocampal and striatal microstructure in both female and male rats.

Methods: Forty adult female and male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups.

Enhanced Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by Four Plant Species: Effect of Inorganic and Organic Bioaugumentation.

A field experiment investigating the removal and/or uptake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and specific metals (As, Cd, Cr) from a crude oil polluted agricultural soil was performed during the 2013 wet season using four plant species: Fimbristylis littoralis, Hevea brasilensis (Rubber plants), Cymbopogom citratus (Lemon grass), and Vigna subterranea (Bambara nuts). Soil functional diversity and soil-enzyme interactions were also investigated. The diagnostic ratios and the correlation analysis identified mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic sources as the main contributors of PAHs at the study site.

Chronic nicotine administration does not alter cognitive or mood associated behavioural parameters.

Nicotine, the major specific alkaloid in tobacco smoke, exhibits widespread pharmacological effects and may contribute to deterioration in behaviour. The present study thus examined the effects of its chronic administration on some cognitive and mood associated behaviours. Adult rats weighing between 150 and 200g were randomly divided into 4 groups each of 5 females and 5 males.

Performance of motor associated behavioural tests following chronic nicotine administration.

Background: Nicotine has shown potential therapeutic value for neurodegenerative diseases though there are concerns that it may induce behavioural deficits.

Purpose: The present study sought to determine the effect of chronic nicotine administration on overall motor functions and coordination.

Methods: Forty adult female and male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 4 groups.

Effects of chronic nicotine administration on body weight, food intake and nitric oxide concentration in female and male rats.

Nicotine is readily consumed through cigarettes; however it is also easily consumed through the various forms of non-prescription nicotine replacement therapy. It has been shown to possess potential therapeutic value for the management of neurologic and neurodegenerative diseases in the last decade. Hence, this study examined the effects of chronic subcutaneous nicotine administration on food intake and body weight as well as on nitric oxide concentrations and total antioxidant capacity in female and male rats.

The role of the anatomy of the sigmoid colon in developing sigmoid volvulus: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the length of the sigmoid colon and sigmoid mesocolon in living subjects and fresh cadavers.

Methods: The subjects for the study were consecutive 50 living subjects undergoing abdominal surgeries via midline incision and 50 fresh cadavers undergoing a medicolegal postmortem at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Results: The study showed that the mean length of the sigmoid colon in living subjects was 48.

Microanatomical effects of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult Wistar rats.

The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n = 5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600 mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water.

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of the insecticide "Raid" in Wister rats.

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of the insecticide "Raid" was determined to assess total animal dietary exposures in a nonoccupational environment. The study focused primarily on dietary exposure concentrations (25-960 microg/g) of the ingredients of Raid administered to rats for 10 days. Tissue concentrations of the insecticide were determined by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method, whereas established methods were used to assess the tissue levels of glucose-6-phosphate and lactic acid dehydrogenase.

Sex differences in the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum.

Investigation into the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum, revealed differences in the pelvic dimensions. The pubic joint of the female consists of interpubic ligament that increased in length until puberty. In the juvenile male Eidolon the pubic joint consists of ligament.

The os penis of the frugivorous bat, Eidolon helvum (Kerr).

The os penis reported in some species of the mammalian order was observed in the juvenile and adult penes of the friguvorous African bat, Eidolon helvum. The morphology of the os penis in Eidolon helvum differs from that observed in bat species and other mammalian order. In the adult form it is large, disc-shaped and located at the distal segment of the penile organ.

Seasonal variation in the correlation of testicular and epididymal weight-dimensions in the red Sokoto goat and white Yankassa ram.

A correlative study of testicular weight (TW), length (TL), diameter (TD), epididymal weight (EW) and cauda epididymal weight (CEW) in adult red Sokoto goat and white Yankassa ram during the dry and wet seasons in Kano City, Nigeria was undertaken. The data was analyzed by Pearson's product of moment correlation coefficient and the results showed that TW maintained a highly significant correlation with TL, TD, TW and CEW in the ram, and goat during the wet season (p < 0.01), but non-significant correlation with TL and TD during the dry season (p > 0.

The anterior dimensions of the pelvis in male and female Nigerians.

A retrospective study on the anteroposterior X-ray films of the pelvis of 40 male, and 31 female Nigerians was undertaken to verify if there was any significant difference in the values of the transverse diameter of the inlet (TID), bicristal diameter (BCD), bituberal diameter (BTD), and subpubic angle (SA) between the male and the female, between the younger age group (21-45 years) and the older age group (46-70 years) in each sex, using the student's t-test. Results showed that TID, BTD and SA each was significantly greater in the female than in the male (P < 0.001).

Reduced level of serum cholesterol in low protein-fed Wistar rats administered gossypol and chloroquine.

Gossypol and chloroquine were administered in goya oil and distilled water, respectively, to low protein-fed (LP) and normal protein-fed (NP, control) adult male albino Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks' duration. Gossypol (GP) and chloroquine (CQ) were administered separately and in combination (GPCQ). At the end of the treatment periods, the rats were anesthetized and blood drawn by cardiac puncture, centrifuged, and sera obtained for assay of total cholesterol and triglycerides levels.

The effects of gossypol and chloroquine interaction on serum electrolytes of protein-malnourished rats.

Serum sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), phosphate (Po), and calcium (Ca) were assayed in adult male Wistar rats fed a low protein diet (LP) and a normal protein diet (control, NP) and administered gossypol (GP) and chloroquine (CQ) alone and in combination (GPCQ), for 4 and 8 weeks. Gossypol was administered at 20 mg/kg body wt/rat/day in Goya oil and chloroquine at 5 mg/kg body wt/rat for 3 days/week in distilled water. The data, analyzed by two-way ANOVA, showed that the interaction had significant effects on the serum levels of Na, K and Po (P < 0.

The blood constituents of gossypol-treated, protein-malnourished Wistar rats.

Gossypol was administered in Goya olive oil to low protein-fed (LP, protein-malnourished) and normal protein-fed (NP, control) adult male albino Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks at 20 mg/kg body weight/rat/day. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed and blood was drawn from the rats by cardiac puncture and subjected to hematological and biochemical analyses. The data obtained were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

A comparative study of the correlation of weights of the body, testis, and epididymis in the goat, ram, bat and rat.

This study was undertaken to correlate the weights of the body (Bw), testis (Tw), epididymis (Ew), cauda epididymidis (CEw), length (TL), diameter (TD), and area (TLD) of testis in adult Wistar rats, Eidolon helvum (mogachiropteran bat), red Sokoto goats, and white Yankassa rams. The results showed that it was only in the Wistar rats that TL, TD and TLD correlated significantly with TW (p < 0.01).

Biochemical studies of the effect of gossypol consumption on cholesterol and residual glucose in fed and protein-energy deficient rats.

Some biochemical parameters were investigated on gossypol consumption, and were correlated to the level of cholesterol and residual glucose in rat liver. Two groups of animals were used, one group was fed with normal protein diet and the other set was fed with low protein diet. The results show that gossypol produced no apparent biochemical aberration in the liver of normal protein fed and low protein fed rats.

An accessory quadriceps femoris muscle in Nigerians.

A pair of accessory quadriceps femoris muscles was found in only one male out of 200 Nigerian cadavers examined. Thus, this unusual muscle was of rare occurrence in Nigerians. Morphologically, the accessory muscle seemed to be a part of the vastus lateralis muscle bilaminated.

The immobilization of all spermatozoa in vitro by bitter lemon drink and the effect of alkaline pH.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the effects of increase in temperature and in pH of Coca-Cola, Afri-Cola, Pepsi-Cola and Krest bitter lemon drinks ("soft drinks") produced in Nigeria on the in vitro motility of spermatozoa. Semen was collected from 7 men, average age 28 years, of proven fertility, after 5 days' abstinence from sexual intercourse. The temperature and pH of the drinks were adjusted from 22 degrees C (room) to 37 degrees C, and pH 2.