Allelic frequency of 2 and genes in isolates from Awka, Anambra, Nigeria.

Introduction: The genetic diversity of correlates with its pathogenicity, therefore design of evidence-based intervention strategies to eradicate malaria requires genetic diversity surveillance. This study characterised the allelic frequencies and genetic diversity of parasites isolated from Awka, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 177 isolates and the polymorphic regions of the and genes were genotyped by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Use of rotating membranes for air-to-liquid mass transfer of carbon dioxide to enhance algal growth.

A novel air-to-liquid mass transfer system using wetted rotating membranes was designed to enhance air-to-liquid carbon dioxide (CO) mass transfer efficiency. Traditional methods, such as sparging, are energy-intensive, but the rotating membrane reduces energy demands by optimising membrane wetting via rotational motion. Experimental tests were conducted using a small-scale system with a membrane width of 0.

Patterns of platelet use evaluated in EHR networks of the Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative, 2012-2018.

Background: U.S. FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative leverages large electronic health records and administrative claims data to conduct active surveillance for CBER-regulated products.

Patterns of red blood cell utilization: Harnessing electronic health records data from the Information Standard for Blood and Transplant (ISBT) 128 system within the Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) initiative.

Background: Current hemovigilance methods generally rely on survey data or administrative claims data utilizing billing and revenue codes, each of which has limitations. We used electronic health records (EHR) linked to blood bank data to comprehensively characterize red blood cell (RBC) utilization patterns and trends in three healthcare systems participating in the U.S.

Safety of Ancestral Monovalent BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 Vaccines in US Children Aged 6 Months to 17 Years.

Importance: Active monitoring of health outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination provides early detection of rare outcomes that may not be identified in prelicensure trials.

Objective: To conduct near-real-time monitoring of health outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in the US pediatric population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study evaluated 21 prespecified health outcomes after exposure before early 2023 to BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or NVX-CoV2373 ancestral monovalent COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 6 months to 17 years by applying a near-real-time monitoring framework using health care data from 3 commercial claims databases in the US (Optum [through April 2023], Carelon Research [through March 2023], and CVS Health [through February 2023]).

Draft genome sequence of PAPLE_T1 isolate of revealing biosynthetic clusters for beneficial metabolites.

Genomic features of PAPLE_T1 isolated from waste sample of obtained from Lagos State, Nigeria, revealed its putative capability to synthesize valuable secondary metabolites. PAPLE_T1 has a 2.4 Mb genome and could be useful as biological agro-antibiotics, for soil bioremediation and in biotechnological industry.

Draft genome of PwPw_T2 isolated from revealing acetic acid producing and xenobiotic degrading enzymes.

PwPw_T2 isolated from deteriorating sample collected from Lagos State, Nigeria putatively possesses genomic features like potential enzymes catalyzing acetic acid production and xenobiotic compounds degradation via various pathways as indicated by its genome sequences. These could make the organism relevant in food waste valorization and micro-biotechnology.

Evaluation of potential adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination among adults aged 65 years and older: Two self-controlled studies in the U.S.

Background: Our near-real-time safety monitoring of 16 adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination identified potential elevation in risk for six AEs following primary series and monovalent booster dose administration. The crude association with AEs does not imply causality. Accordingly, we conducted robust evaluation of potential associations.

Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Children Aged 5 to 17 Years.

Importance: Active monitoring of health outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination offers early detection of rare outcomes that may not be identified in prelicensure trials.

Objective: To conduct near-real-time monitoring of health outcomes following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in the US pediatric population aged 5 to 17 years.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based study was conducted under a public health surveillance mandate from the US Food and Drug Administration.

Immune globulin usage trends in commercially insured and Medicare populations, 2009-2019.

Background: Longitudinal patterns of immune globulins (IG) use have not been described in large populations. Understanding IG usage is important given potential supply limitations impacting individuals for whom IG is the sole life-saving/health-preserving therapy. The study describes US IG utilization patterns from 2009 to 2019.

Structure and functional determinants of Rad6-Bre1 subunits in the histone H2B ubiquitin-conjugating complex.

The conserved complex of the Rad6 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and the Bre1 E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzes histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1), which regulates chromatin dynamics during transcription and other nuclear processes. Here, we report a crystal structure of Rad6 and the non-RING domain N-terminal region of Bre1, which shows an asymmetric homodimer of Bre1 contacting a conserved loop on the Rad6 'backside'. This contact is distant from the Rad6 catalytic site and is the location of mutations that impair telomeric silencing in yeast.

Background rates of adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring in the United States, 2019-2020.

Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative conducts active surveillance of adverse events of special interest (AESI) after COVID-19 vaccination.

Near real-time surveillance of safety outcomes in US COVID-19 vaccine recipients aged 12 to 64 years.

Background: Active monitoring of safety outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination is critical to understand vaccine safety and can provide early detection of rare outcomes not identified in pre-licensure trials. We present findings from an early warning rapid surveillance system in three large commercial insurance databases including more than 16 million vaccinated individuals.

Methods: We evaluated 17 outcomes of interest following COVID-19 vaccination among individuals aged 12-64 years in Optum, HealthCore, and CVS Health databases from December 11, 2020, through January 22, 2022, January 7, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Assessment of performance characteristics of COVID-19 ICD-10-CM diagnosis code U07.1 using SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test results.

The Food and Drug Administration's Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative conducts active surveillance to protect public health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study evaluated performance of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code U07.1 in identifying COVID-19 cases in claims compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid amplification test results in linked electronic health records (EHRs).

Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in the USA: a cohort study in claims databases.

Background: Several passive surveillance systems reported increased risks of myocarditis or pericarditis, or both, after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, especially in young men. We used active surveillance from large health-care databases to quantify and enable the direct comparison of the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis, or both, after mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccinations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, examining the primary outcome of myocarditis or pericarditis, or both, identified using the International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes, occurring 1-7 days post-vaccination, evaluated in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees aged 18-64 years using health plan claims databases in the USA.

Modulatory effects of lycopene and vitamin E on cloacal temperature, thyroid hormonal and reproductive performance responses in laying hens during the hot-dry season.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of lycopene and vitamin E on cloacal temperature (CT), thyroid hormones and performance indices in laying hens (Gallus domesticus) during the hot-dry season. The dry-bulb temperature and temperature-humidity index in the pen and CT were measured in all hens twice weekly and thyroid hormones for five consecutive weeks. Ovarian and follicular activities were assessed at the end of the study after slaughter.

Vaccine exposure during pregnancy among privately and publicly insured women in the United States, 2016-2018.

Background: Vaccine use during pregnancy affects maternal and infant health. Many women do not receive vaccines recommended during pregnancy; conversely, inadvertent exposure to vaccines contraindicated or not recommended during pregnancy may occur. We assessed exposure to two recommended vaccines and two vaccines not recommended during pregnancy among privately and Medicaid-insured women in the United States.

Bacterial and fungal biodeterioration of discolored building paints in Lagos, Nigeria.

Microbial induced discolorations are an unsightly feature occurring on painted walls in Lagos, the commercial hub of Nigeria. Very few studies have been carried out conventionally about the microbial community structure of discolored painted walls in Nigeria therefore, knowledge of the true microbial diversity is elusive. To further our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity of representative microbial community on 40 discolored and three clean-looking buildings, a comparative DNA sequence analysis of 16S rDNA genes was undertaken.

Analytical solution for compositional profile driven by gravitational segregation and diffusion.

An alternative analytical solution is presented, based on irreversible thermodynamics, that describes the equilibrium distribution of the components of a nonideal fluid mixture in a one-dimensional hydrostatic and isothermal system. In such a system, the vertical compositional profile of the fluid at equilibrium will be determined by the interaction of gravitational and chemical potentials. Our alternative analytical solution estimates this profile from the overall composition of the fluid.

Effects of heat stress on the well-being, fertility, and hatchability of chickens in the northern Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria: a review.

The paper examines heat stress and its adverse effects as a hindrance to profitable poultry production in the tropics, with emphasis on the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. It elucidates the general negative effects of heat stress on physiological parameters of domestic chickens, and the specific impact of the stress on reproduction in the tropics. The deleterious effects are expressed in poor poultry well-being and reproductive performance.

Microbial evaluation and deterioration of paints and paint-products.

The microbial quality of materials and final products of a reputable paint industry in Lagos area were analysed. The bacterial contaminants isolated in the paint-products included Bacillus brevis, B. polymyxa, B.

Race moderates age-related cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes.

The age-related rate of cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus has received relatively little attention. In this cross-sectional study, Caucasian (N = 145) and African American (N = 25) males with diabetes mellitus were recruited to examine age-related changes in cognitive performance. It is known that African Americans with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for more frequent and more severe diabetes-related complications.

Atrial flutter in a premature infant with a structurally normal heart.

Isolated postnatal atrial flutter (AF) with a structurally normal heart is rare in the neonatal period. Central lines have their inherent risks and are frequently used in the management of growing premature newborns. Some new antimicrobial agents do have pro-arrhythmic effects, proven in adults but with limited data available for the newborn.