Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Biliary Tract Cancers in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1976 to 2018.

Biliary tract cancers, including cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder, and ampulla of Vater cancers, rank second among hepatobiliary cancers, known for their poor prognoses. The United States has witnessed a notable increase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence. This study examines the incidence and survival outcomes of biliary tract cancers in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1976 to 2018.

Everyday Violence: Immigration Enforcement, COVID-19, and Depression among Undocumented Young Adults in California.

Background: The immigration enforcement system has significant effects on the health of immigrants, their families, and society. Exposure to the immigration enforcement system is linked to adverse mental health outcomes, which may have been exacerbated by sustained immigration enforcement activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between exposure to immigration enforcement and the mental health of undocumented young adults in California during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trends in childhood intussusception in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Background: Early presentation, high rate of successful non-operative treatment, low morbidity and mortality in childhood intussusception is common in High and Upper Middle-Income Countries but not in many Lower middle- and Low-income countries.

Aim: To assess the trends in the profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of intussusception in our hospital.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study over a 12-year period divided into two 6-year periods.

Contextualizing Inequities in COVID Vaccination Trends Among Project REFOCUS Pilot Sites: Racism-Related Determinants of Health.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID) dashboards rarely provide insights about the racialized contexts in which vaccination inequities occur.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use the emerging Project REFOCUS dashboard to contextualize COVID vaccination patterns among 6 diverse communities.

Methods: We queried the dashboard to generate descriptive statistics on vaccination trends and racism-related contextual factors among the 6 Project REFOCUS pilot sites (Albany, Georgia, Bronx, New York, Detroit, Michigan, Helena-West Helena, Arkansas, San Antonio, Texas, and Wake County, North Carolina).

Anthropometric Predictors of Appropriate-Sized Plastibell for Neonatal Circumcision.

Background: Using anthropometric parameters to determine the appropriate Plastibell size before circumcision ensures that cumbersome carrying of all the sizes before each procedure is eliminated and also complications reduced.

Methods: Male neonates who presented for routine circumcision by Plastibell method were recruited. Collected on a proforma were their age in days, weight in Kg, stretched penile length (SPL) in cm, penile diameter (PD) in cm and the Plastibell size used by the "circumciser".

Double true umbilical cord knots coexisting with a nuchal cord with successful fetal outcome: A case report.

Umbilical nodes and cords play a crucial role in fetal development and are essential for the transfer of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and the fetus. Sonographic diagnosis of umbilical nodes and cords has become an integral part of prenatal care, allowing for the early detection of abnormalities and potential complications. The umbilical cord is a vital structure connecting the fetus to the placenta, providing essential nutrients and oxygen for fetal growth and development.

Comparison of quantifiable electrocardiographic changes associated with severe hyperkalemia.

Background: Hyperkalemia (HK) is a life-threatening condition that is frequently evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG changes in severe HK (≥ 6.3 mEq/L) are not well-characterized.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a 12-year analysis of a national database.

Background: Despite inflammatory bowel disease's (IBD) association with hepatobiliary disorders and the use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for both diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of these diseases, it remains a poorly studied area within the literature. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of IBD on the occurrence of adverse events (AE) pertaining to ERCP.

Methods: This project utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, the largest inpatient database in the USA.

Efficacy and safety of Mojeaga remedy in combination with conventional oral iron therapy for correcting anemia in obstetric population: A phase II randomized pilot clinical trial.

Background: To our knowledge, there is no prior randomized trial on the efficacy of Mojeaga remedy (a special blend of Alchornea cordifolia, Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor extracts) when co-administered with standard-of-care for correction of anemia in obstetrics practice. This study determined the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Mojeaga as adjunct to conventional oral iron therapy for correction of anemia in obstetric population.

Methods: A pilot open-label randomized clinical trial.

Childhood colostomies: patterns, indications and outcomes in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital.

Background: Most childhood colostomies are done for decompression or diversion in gastrointestinal tract congenital anomalies. Colostomy may be sited in the transverse or sigmoid colon as loop or defunctioning (divided) colostomies. Current pattern seems towards construction of more sigmoid and defunctioning colostomies.

Intra-operative Diagnosis of Lower Segment Scar Dehiscence in a Second Gravida After One Previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section: Should We Advocate for Routine Antenatal Uterine Scar Thickness Testing?

Background: Uterine dehiscence is a separation of uterine musculature with intact uterine serosa. It can be encountered at the time of cesarean delivery, suspected on obstetric ultrasound or diagnosed in-between pregnancies. The antenatal diagnosis may occasionally elude the Obstetricians.

An Equity-Based Scoring System for Evaluating Surveillance-Related Harm in Public Health Crises.

Background: Although surveillance systems used to mitigate disasters serve essential public health functions, communities of color have experienced disproportionate harms (eg, criminalization) as a result of historic and enhanced surveillance.

Methods: To address this, we developed and piloted a novel, equity-based scoring system to evaluate surveillance systems regarding their potential and actual risk of adverse effects on communities made vulnerable through increased exposure to policing, detention/incarceration, deportation, and disruption of access to social services or public resources. To develop the scoring system, we reviewed the literature and surveyed an expert panel on surveillance to identify specific harms (eg, increased policing) that occur through surveillance approaches.

Prevalence and associated factors of recurrent pregnancy loss in Nigeria according to different national and international criteria (ASRM/ESHRE vs. WHO/RCOG).

Background: In low-and middle-income countries, no conclusive research explains the prevalence and associated factors of women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Some authorities have recommended further scientific research on the effect of various definitions of RPL.

Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of RPL among pregnant women in Nigeria according to different national and international criteria: the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/ European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ASRM/ESHRE; two losses) and the World Health Organization/ Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (WHO/RCOG; three consecutive losses) criteria.

Kidney Dysfunction in HIV-Positive Patients on HAART in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Comparative Study.

Background: There has been improvement in the overall outcomes of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) following the advent and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, there is an increased risk of nephrotoxicity from using HAART in PLWHIV as their life expectancy improves. This study assessed and compared renal dysfunction among PLWHIV on tenofovir-based and non-tenofovir-based HAART.

Challenges of Management of Ruptured Second Trimester Ovarian Pregnancy in Low-and Middle-Income Settings: A Case Report.

Background: Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. It can rupture before the end of the first trimester, causing hemoperitoneum, and present with signs and symptoms similar to other commoner abdominal emergencies or the pregnancy can continue intraperitoneally. Therefore, they are not often diagnosed preoperatively.

Comparative Evaluation of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathologic Features of Kidney Disease in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Patients at a Tertiary Health Facility in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria.

Infection of the kidneys by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause kidney disease. HIV-associated nephropathy occurs with variable prevalence rates in various communities and is found to be higher among sub-Saharan Africans. The disease has not been studied in Northeastern Nigeria.

Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Malnutrition Inflammatory Complex Syndrome (MICS) is a non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor that is associated with poor overall outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it has not been well studied among Nigerian CKD population despite its potential for response to therapeutic intervention.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of MICS and some of its associated factors among pre-dialysis CKD patients.

Asymptomatic Hepatic Leiomyoma in an Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Woman.

Primary hepatic leiomyomas are rare tumors most commonly in immunosuppressed individuals who are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). From our literature review, there have been 50 published cases, of which 24 were immunocompetent individuals and only 5 were negative for EBV infection. We report a case of primary hepatic leiomyomas in an asymptomatic middle-aged woman without a history of immunosuppression or EBV infection.

Persistence of onchocerciasis in villages in Enugu and Ogun states in Nigeria following many rounds of mass distribution of ivermectin.

Background: Onchocerciasis is endemic in most local government areas (LGAs) in Enugu and Ogun states. Most meso- and hyper-endemic LGAs have received many rounds of ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). This study aimed to determine the current prevalence of onchocerciasis in villages in Enugu and Ogun states that were formerly highly endemic and to assess progress toward elimination of the infection in areas believed to be at high risk for persistence.

Continent-wide patterns of song variation predicted by classical rules of biogeography.

Physiological constraints related to atmospheric temperature pose a limit to body and appendage size in endothermic animals. This relationship has been summarised by two classical principles of biogeography: Bergmann's and Allen's rules. Body size may also constrain other phenotypic traits important in ecology, evolution and behaviour, and such effects have seldom been investigated at a continental scale.

Corrigendum: Poultry diseases diagnostics models using deep learning.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.

Poultry diseases diagnostics models using deep learning.

Coccidiosis, Salmonella, and Newcastle are the common poultry diseases that curtail poultry production if they are not detected early. In Tanzania, these diseases are not detected early due to limited access to agricultural support services by poultry farmers. Deep learning techniques have the potential for early diagnosis of these poultry diseases.

Association between immigration enforcement encounters and COVID-19 testing and delays in care: a cross-sectional study of undocumented young adult immigrants in california.

Background: Undocumented immigrants are expected to face increased risks related to COVID-19 due to marginalizing restrictive immigration policies. However, few studies have assessed the prevalence of direct encounters with the immigration enforcement system among the undocumented and its impacts on their COVID-related health behaviors and outcomes. In this study, we quantify undocumented immigrants' lifetime exposure to various immigration enforcement tactics and their association with delays in COVID-19 testing and healthcare behaviors.