Effects of music on the preoperative and intraoperative anxiety through the assessment of pupil size and vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory, and pulse rates) among cataract surgery patients at UNTH-Enugu.

Background/aim: To examine how music can impact preoperative and intraoperative anxiety via assessment of physiological markers such as pupil size, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate.

Methods: This is a randomized interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed in the operating theater of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu.

Current Practices and Challenges in the Management of Complex Renal Stones in Africa: A Scoping Review.

This study reviews the challenges and management strategies for complex renal stones in Africa. Historically viewed as infection or struvite stones, recent studies highlight diverse compositions of staghorn stones. These complex stones pose significant risks, including recurrent urinary tract infections and renal impairment.

Effect of Age and Parity on Physiological Changes in the Eye During Pregnancy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background: The hormonal and metabolic changes that occur during uncomplicated pregnancy affect the eye. The effects of maternal age and parity on the physiological eye changes in pregnancy have been scarcely documented.

Aim: To determine these effects on some physiological eye changes that occur in pregnancy.

Aortic Size Index Versus Aortic Diameter in the Prediction of Rupture in Women With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) pose significant challenges in clinical management, particularly in female patients, whose unique anatomical and physiological characteristics influence rupture risk. While aortic diameter (AD) has traditionally been the primary metric for predicting rupture, its limitations, especially in women, have spurred exploration into alternative measures such as the aortic size index (ASI). This review examines the anatomy and physiology of AAAs in women, gender-specific challenges in diagnosis and management, and the comparative effectiveness of ASI versus AD in predicting rupture risk.

The Hepatocurative Effects of Alkaloids on Tetrachloromethane-Induced Hepatotoxicity on Albino Rats.

The study investigated the hepatocurative activity of the bulk alkaloids of in a tetrachloromethane (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. The hepatocurative activity of the alkaloids at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg doses was demonstrated by the assay of both enzymic and non-enzymic parameters. Sections of the liver were also subjected to histological examinations.

Clinical and pathological features of clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance presenting with isolated thrombocytopenia (CCUS-IT).

Background: Clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) is defined as somatic mutations of myeloid malignancy-associated genes in the blood or bone marrow with one or more persistent unexplained cytopenias that do not meet diagnostic criteria for a defined myeloid neoplasm. CCUS with isolated thrombocytopenia (CCUS-IT) is rare.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients with prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia, a pathogenic mutation on a myeloid molecular panel, and a bone marrow biopsy with morphologic atypia below the WHO-defined diagnostic threshold for dysplasia.

Effect of music on preoperative anxiety using the Hamilton State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla.

Introduction: To determine the effectiveness of music in allaying preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for and undergoing surgery for age-related cataract.

Methods: This is a randomised interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed at the Ophthalmology Theatre of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria.

Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Eastern Nigeria.

Background: Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB), an emerging form of drug-resistant tuberculosis, is challenging efforts at tuberculosis control, leading to treatment failure among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients and progression to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). We determined the rate of Pre-XDR-TB among multidrug-resistant patients in Southeast, Nigeria.

Methods: A prospective laboratory-based study was carried out at the South East Zonal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory from January 2021 to December 2021.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment on individual perception and self-care practice of refractive error in a rural community in Enugu, South East Nigeria.

Background: Globally, uncorrected refractive errors have been identified as the most common cause of visual impairment and the second leading cause of treatable blindness.

Aim: This study quantitatively and qualitatively assessed individual perception and self-care practice of refractive error (RE) in a rural community in Enugu State.

Subjects And Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based survey was done in Amorji community, Enugu State.

Prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients In Enugu, Nigeria.

Objective: We determined the prevalence of rifampicin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Enugu Nigeria.

Methods: A prospective hospital-based study involving 1300 presumptive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients was conducted in Enugu between April 2017 and 31st March, 2019.Participants age ranged from 15 years and older and each submitted one sputum specimens Sputum specimens were analyzed using the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay to detect resistance to rifampicin according to manufacturer's protocol.

Distribution of ocular perfusion pressure and its relationship with intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma in Enugu, South East, Nigeria.

Background: Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) has been suggested as a possible risk factor for the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Aim: To determine the distribution of OPP and its relationship with intraocular pressure (IOP) in Nigerian patients with POAG.

Patients And Methods: : A descriptive and comparative survey was adopted.

Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of (Miq.) Miq. supplementation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Objective: Medicinal plants provide better and cheaper alternative therapy for management of several diseases compared to orthodox medicines. This study evaluated the effects of feed formulated with (Miq.) Miq.

Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease in backyard chickens in selected districts of Banadir region, Somalia.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the period between January and April 2019 with the aim of establishing prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) in backyard chickens in Banadir region of Somalia using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). A total of 373 unvaccinated free scavenging backyard chickens were sampled from five districts in Banadir region, namely Dharkenley, Hodan, Wadajir, Hawlwadag, and Daynile. The overall prevalence was found to be 39.

Factors associated with depression and anxiety among glaucoma patients in a tertiary hospital South-East Nigeria.

Objective: To explore the factors associated with depression and anxiety among glaucoma patients.

Subjects And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving adult glaucoma patients, who attended the eye clinic of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, from April to September 2018. In total, 182 glaucoma patients with no other significant ophthalmic or medical conditions were recruited.

Glaucoma care in Nigeria: Is the current practice poised to tackle this emerging sight-threatening disease?

Purpose: To investigate the current practice on glaucoma care with the aim of highlighting its poise to tackle this emerging sight-threatening disease in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, population-based survey involving 88 ophthalmologists. Information on their demographic characteristics, practice profile, challenges and prospects on glaucoma care was collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire in August 2016.

TREATMENT OUTCOME OF SHORT DENTAL IMPLANTS.

Background: Bone resorption following tooth loss and proximity of the alveolar crest to vital structures such as the maxillary sinus and the inferior dental canal can be a limitation to tooth replacement with an implant. The placement of short dental implants may reduce the need for bone augmentation as bone augmentation increases the cost of providing dental implant treatment.

Aim: To assess the treatment outcome and survival rate of short implants used for single and multiple teeth replacement after one year of loading and restoration.

Relationship between corneal biomechanical properties among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Objective: In Nigeria, many pregnant women as well as health-care providers are unaware of the effect of pregnancy on the eye. The present study investigated the changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal sensitivity (CS), and intraocular pressure (IOP) among pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria and the relationship between them.

Materials And Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was used.

Family Exergaming: Correlates and Preferences.

Objectives: The family home is an important environment for reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity (PA). Exergames are gaining attention as a possible modality for increasing energy expenditure within the home setting. The purpose of this study was to explore the use, correlates, and preferences of family exergaming.

Monotherapy with amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: Comparison of their efficacy and effects on electrolytes.

Background: Amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) are commonly prescribed in Nigeria either as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. The present study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive efficacy of monotherapy with amlodipine or HCTZ and their effects on electrolyte profile in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical study was used; fifty patients newly diagnosed with mild to moderate hypertension (aged 33 to 60 years) were recruited and divided into two groups: amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide each comprising of 25 subjects.

Frequency and distribution of teeth treated by single- and multiple- visit root canal treatment in a Nigerian population by differently skilled operators.

Background: Single visit root canal treatment (RCT) is being advocated around the world. This study profiles RCT in a Nigerian population and compares pattern of single versus multiple visit RCT to tooth type and skill level of the doctors.

Method: A retrospective study was carried out on RCT performed in one year by fresh graduates and postgraduate dentists.

Does consumption of an aqueous extract of Hibscus sabdariffa affect renal function in subjects with mild to moderate hypertension?

Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine in Nigeria mainly because of its antihypertensive action. In view of the recent increase in the prevalence of renal failure, we have investigated the effect of HS consumption on renal function in Nigerians with mild to moderate hypertension. A total of 78 newly diagnosed but untreated subjects with mild to moderate hypertension attending the medical outpatients unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (Enugu, Nigeria) were recruited for the study.

Effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of Nigerians with mild to moderate essential hypertension: A comparative study with lisinopril.

Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) on the three basic components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Plasma renin, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and plasma aldosterone (PA) in mild to moderate essential hypertensive Nigerians and compared with that of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor.

Materials And Methods: A double-blind controlled randomized clinical study was used. Seventy-eight newly diagnosed but untreated mild to moderate hypertensive subjects attending Medical Outpatients Clinic of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu were recruited for the study.

Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffaon blood pressure and electrolyte profile of mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians: A comparative study with hydrochlorothiazide.

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is widely consumed in Nigeria as a refreshing beverage and also as an antihypertensive agent. Since three decades ago when its antihypertensive activities were reported in several animal experiments, its consumption has greatly increased.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of HS consumption on blood pressure (BP) and electrolytes of mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians and compare it with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a diuretic widely used as first-line antihypertensive drug.