ToRCH pathogens-induced histopathological changes in placental tissues and associated post obstetric complications.

Background: Maternal infections caused by the ToRCH complex, comprising Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), Rubella Virus (RV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), are significant contributors to Bad Obstetric History (BOH). These infections can vertically transmit through the placental barrier, leading to complications in fetal development.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Bilingual English-Urdu Pakistani Critical Thinking Disposition Scale.

Objective: To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Pakistani Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale.

Methods: In the item generation phase, constructs of the scale were identified through an in-depth literature review and items were written to measure the constructs. Following this, input of the experts was obtained for content validity index.

Comparison Of Free Androgen Index In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome And Non-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Infertile Patients.

Background: One of the leading causes of infertility in child bearing age females is polycystic ovary syndrome. It is characterized by altered hormonal profile causing androgen excess and insulin resistance which eventually leads to decreased ovulation rate.

Methods: This was a crosssectional study that included 40 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and 40 infertility patients that did not have polycystic ovary syndrome determined by sonography and clinical features through quota sampling technique.

Frequency and genotype distribution of high risk human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dismal disease exhibiting striking geographical differences in its incidence. It is multifactorial in origin. Among infectious agents, human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced as a possible causative agent in the development of ESCC in 1982.

Assessment of Tumor Angiogenesis by Expression of CD 105 in Ameloblastoma, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Central Giant Cell Lesion.

Background: Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and reflects the aggressive behavior of invasive odontogenic lesions [like Ameloblastoma (AM), Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) and Central giant cell lesion (CGCL)]. Mean vascular density (MVD) shows the angiogenic potential and CD105 is an ideal endothelial biomarker due to its specificity to new blood vessels for MVD detection. The aim of the study was to compare the MVD (angiogenic potential) among AM, OKC and CGCL in comparison to Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) using CD105 biomarker.

Natural Language Input: Maternal Education, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Language Outcomes in Typically Developing Children.

Purpose The current study was designed to investigate the differences in language input related to family factors (maternal level of education [MLE] and socioeconomic level of deprivation [SLD]) and their association with language outcomes in preschoolers. Method This study used New Zealand SLD and MLE classification systems to examine differences in language input related to these factors among 20 typically developing preschool children aged 2-5 years. The quantity of children's language input (adult words [AWs], conversational turns [CTs]) was calculated using the Language ENvironment Analysis audiotaping technology for two typical weekend days.

Luteinizing Hormone To Follicle Stimulating Hormone Ratio In Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most commonly occurring endocrinopathy in females of reproductive age group. It is characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms resulting from hormonal derangements leading to reduced fertility.

Methods: This was a crosssectional (comparative) study.

Dataset on the calculations of daily adult word and conversational turn counts, and use of styles of oral interaction in 2-5-year olds with hearing loss in New Zealand.

This article describes the data regarding the calculations of language input from the natural language environments of children with hearing loss, taken from four full typical days in a week using a LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) digital recorder. Calculations were based on 14 children with hearing loss from 24 to 60 months as they interacted with their family. Participants were recruited from the Hearing House, the Speech Clinic at the University of Auckland, and Early Childcare Centers (ECC) in Auckland, New Zealand.

Analysis of Amount and Style of Oral Interaction Related to Language Outcomes in Children With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review (2006-2016).

Purpose This systematic review summarizes the evidence for differences in the amount of language input between children with and without hearing loss (HL). Of interest to this review is evaluating the associations between language input and language outcomes (receptive and expressive) in children with HL in order to enhance insight regarding what oral language input is associated with good communication outcomes. Method A systematic review was conducted using keywords in 3 electronic databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease.

Objective: To determine the frequency of atherosclerosis by ankle brachial index in patients with an ischaemic stroke and to assess the association of carotid artery stenosis and ankle brachial index in ischaemic stroke.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from July 2011 to May 2014, and comprised patients with ischaemic stroke. The patients were classified according to the Asian stroke criteria for classification of brain infarction.

Evaluation of anxiolytic-like activity of Vitis vinifera juice in mice.

Objective: Scientific studies have shown that Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) contains flavonoids and stillbenoids. Flavonoids are well known to possess anxiolytic activities.

Primary cervical hydatid cyst: a rare occurrence.

Unlabelled: Hydatid disease, a parasitic infection is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It has serious impact on health and economy especially in countries where it is endemic. It occurs frequently in liver and lung.

The prevalence and clinical profile of angiographic coronary ectasia.

Objective: To determine the incidence of Coronary Artery Ectasia (CAE) at our teaching hospital to describe the patients and angiographic characteristics.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all coronary angiograms performed at the catheterization laboratory of Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases, a tertiary care center, between the period of August 2006 and August 2008. A one year follow up was performed to look for primary and secondary endpoints.

Cardiac arrhythmias and left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension.

Background: Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and mortality. Objective was to investigate the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and LVH in systemic hypertension.

Methods: In all subjects blood pressure was measured, electrocardiography and echocardiography was done.

Percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total coronary occlusion in patients at Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the successful revascularization in chronic total coronary occlusion lesions and to examine the relationship between lesion characteristics and procedural success and the frequency of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention in these patients.

Methods: All patients subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention from 2006 to 2008 were identified. These patients had unstable angina ranging from 2 weeks to more than 3 months duration, and majority was subjected to stent implantation.

Door to needle time of streptokinase and ST segment resolution assessing the efficacy of reperfusion therapy at Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases.

Background: Early start of treatment including coronary revascularisation has been recognised as crucial variable in the outcome of acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Objectives of the study were to determine the magnitude of ST-segment resolution after thrombolytic therapy predicts short- and long-term outcomes in patients with an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).

Methods: The duration of quasi experimental study was 3 years, from July 2006 to June 2009, conducted at Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases.

Validity of frozen section in the diagnosis of breast lumps: 5 years experience at the Aga Khan University Hospital.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of frozen section in the diagnosis of breast lump.

Methods: Frozen section diagnosis given in consecutive breast biopsies performed in 5 years in our laboratory was evaluated against the final pathology report of permanent sections.

Results: The Aga Khan University Hospital Lab receives more than 400 cases per year for frozen section.

Histopathological features of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the histopathological features of endometrial carcinoma among women of various age groups.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Histopathology Department, from January 2001--December 2003.