Prevalence and factors associated with preventable drug-related emergency department visits (DRED) in elderly patients.

Background: The prevalence of emergency department (ED) visits among the elderly is high and increasing. While emergency services for the elderly involve many factors, drug-related problems (DRPs) that can worsen patient conditions are less frequently discussed. This study investigates the prevalence of preventable drug-related ED visits (DRED) and the characteristics of DRPs in elderly ED patients through a comprehensive medication review.

Effects of Probiotics on Chemotherapy-induced Diarrhea.

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) is a common adverse event in cancer patients, which, unless treated, may lead to drug discontinuation and treatment failure. Some probiotics such as , and species have been gaining clinical attention in alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse events including diarrhea. This comprehensive review provides an overview and discusses preventive approaches of probiotics with respect to CID in several types of cancers.

The Impact of Omitting 5-FU Bolus From mFOLFOX6 Chemotherapy Regimen on Hematological Adverse Events Among Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is often treated with a mFOLFOX6 regimen. The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus is often omitted from the regimen to reduce the risk of hematological adverse events (AEs) in patients with poor performance status. We aimed to investigate the incidence of hematological AEs in Asian patients with mCRC who were treated with the mFOLFOX6 with and without 5-FU bolus dosing.

Incidence of oxaliplatin hypersensitivity reaction among colorectal cancer patients: A 5-year retrospective study.

Background: Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that has efficacy against colorectal cancer. Hypersensitivity reactions during oxaliplatin infusion are a key problem during its use, with the varying incidences and deficiencies of clearly identified risk factors.

Objective: To determine the incidence, severity and risk factors of oxaliplatin-related hypersensitivity reaction (HSR).

The impact of CASR A990G polymorphism in response to cinacalcet treatment in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of calcium sensing receptor (CASR) A990G genetic polymorphism on parathyroid hormone (PTH) lowering response to cinacalcet treatment when controlling for significant influencing clinical factors. This retrospective study was conducted on 135 Thai hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). CASR A990G genotypes were determined.

and gene polymorphisms predict methotrexate-resistant for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of and gene polymorphisms and the methotrexate (MTX) treatment response in patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Low-risk GTN patients who received MTX as a first-line single agent were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from 18 patients and assessed for C3435T and T521C.

ERCC1, XRCC1, and GSTP1 Polymorphisms and Treatment Outcomes of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-based Chemotherapy.

Objective: The first line regimen for treating epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is platinum-based chemotherapy. Various factors impact its effectiveness including polymorphisms of enzymes in platinum-related metabolism processes.  Methods: We conducted the study to investigate the association between polymorphisms of ERCC1, XRCC1 and GSTP1, which responsible for platinum's metabolisms in Thai epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Real-World Effectiveness of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Statin Therapy in Thai Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Who Had Undergone Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Although high-intensity statins are recommended for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, evidence has shown that Asians may need lower dose statins to achieve similar effect when compared to Caucasians. Moreover, awareness of adverse effects leads physicians to initiate moderate-intensity statins. Comparative of high versus moderate-intensive statins on LDL-C among patients who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are less established in Thailand.

The effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized cartridge on meropenem in critically ill patients requiring renal support.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B immobilized cartridge (DHP-PMX) on meropenem pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with sepsis requiring continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Material And Methods: After intravenous infusion of 1 g meropenem over 3 h repeated every 8 h for at least 3 doses, 2 serial blood and ultrafiltration fluid samples were collected: one over a dose interval of meropenem with DHP-PMX therapy; and the other on the following day over a dose interval of meropenem with no DHP-PMX therapy. Meropenem concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.

Effects of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms on Treatment Responses in Thai Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy.

Purpose: Irinotecan is an anticancer medicine which is used mostly in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment as second or third line chemotherapy. Several factors affect its efficacy and toxicity, including pharmacogenomics. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on treatment responses in irinotecan-based chemotherapy in 49 Thai mCRC patients.

Impact of POR and CYP3A5 Polymorphisms on Trough Concentration to Dose Ratio of Tacrolimus in the Early Post-operative Period Following Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Tacrolimus, a critical dose drug, is widely used in transplantation. Knowing the contribution of genetic factors, which significantly influence tacrolimus variability, is beneficial in the personalization of its starting dose. The significant impact of CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on tacrolimus exposure has been reported.

Effects of and polymorphisms on tamoxifen and its metabolites in Thai breast cancer patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of and polymorphisms on the levels of tamoxifen (TAM) and its metabolites in the plasma of breast cancer patients. The protocol was designed to test the associations between , genotypes and phenotypes (extensive metabolizer [EM], intermediate metabolizer [IM] and poor metabolizer [PM]) and TAM, -desmethyl tamoxifen (NDMT), endoxifen (END) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) concentrations.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and thirty-four Thai breast cancer patients from the Thai Tamoxifen Project undergoing TAM treatment who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were recruited.

Prevalence of CTR1 and ERCC1 Polymorphisms and Response of Biliary Tract Cancer to Gemcitabine-Platinum Chemotherapy.

Purpose: Biliary tract cancer (BTC)is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage for which curative surgery is not possible and gemcitabine-platinum chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for advanced cases. Several studies had focused on biomarkers to predict response from platinum drugs in lung cancer, but information is limited for BTC.

Effect of the ERCC1 (C118T) Polymorphism on Treatment Response in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Platinum-Based Chemotherapy.

For advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, a platinum-based regimen is the first-line chemotherapy treatment. The excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) plays an important role in DNA repair and has been related to resistance to platinum chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ERCC1 (C118T) polymorphism on treatment response in 26 Thai advanced NSCLC patients receiving first line platinum-based chemotherapy during January to July 2015 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH).

Impact of the Copper Transporter Protein 1 (CTR1) Polymorphism on Adverse Events among Advanced NonSmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with a Carboplatin/Gemcitabine Regimen.

Background: Platinum-based regimens are effective treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the five-year survival rate is still less than 20%. One possible factor appears to be resistance involving polymorphisms in the CTR1 gene which plays an importance role in accumulation of platinum in the cytoplasm.

Purpose: To establish both prevalence of CTR1 polymorphism and its impact on treatment related toxicity in Thai advanced NSCLC patients.

Prevalence of CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10, and CYP3A5*3 in Thai breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment.

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is used in breast cancer treatment, but interindividual variabilities in TAM-metabolizing enzymes exist and have been linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the respective encoding genes. The different alleles and genotypes of these genes have been presented for Caucasians and Asians. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of the incomplete functional alleles and genotypes of the CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 genes in Thai breast cancer patients undergoing TAM treatment.

Effects of SULT1A1 Copy Number Variation on Estrogen Concentration and Tamoxifen-Associated Adverse Drug Reactions in Premenopausal Thai Breast Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study.

Tamoxifen is a pharmacological estrogen inhibitor that binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cells. However, it shows an estrogenic effect in other organs, which causes adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) enzyme encoded by the SULT1A1 gene is involved in estrogen metabolism.

Impact of CYP3A5 polymorphism on trough concentrations and outcomes of tacrolimus minimization during the early period after kidney transplantation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus concentration and the proportion of patients within a target therapeutic range during the first week after transplantation together with the 3-month acute rejection rate in kidney transplant patients receiving a minimized tacrolimus regimen.

Methods: A total of 164 patients participated in the study. All received oral tacrolimus twice daily starting on the day of surgery with the target pre-dose (trough) concentration of 4-8 ng/ml for prevention of allograft rejection.

Pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in Thai healthy volunteers.

Sirolimus, a novel immunosuppressive drug, has been used in kidney transplant recipients to minimize calcineurine inhibitor (CNI) and steroid toxicities. Likewise CNI, Sirolimus's pharmacokinetics have both inter and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variations. Due to ethnic differences, the recommended oral loading dose of 6 mg and oral maintenance dose of 2 mg per day for Caucasian patients and oral loading dose of 10 mg and oral maintenance dose of 5 mg per day for African-American patients may not be appropriate for Asian recipients.