A stress paradox: the dual role of the unfolded protein response in the placenta.

The placenta is a temporary organ that forms during pregnancy and is essential for fetal development and maternal health. As an endocrine organ, proper placental function requires continual production, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. Central to these processes is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a dynamic organelle responsible for maintaining cellular protein and lipid synthesis and processing.

Impact of circulating lymphoma cells at diagnosis on outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma rarely presents with circulating lymphoma cells (CL) at diagnosis. Previous studies were limited by small sample size precluding robust analysis. Hence, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of CL cells in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.

Addition of PROMIS Pain Instruments to PROMIS Upper Extremity Physical Function Improves the Responsiveness of PROMIS scores compared to Legacy scores in patients undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study.

Introduction: Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) is increasingly being utilized across the United States as a patient reported outcome evaluation tool for a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions. However, PROMIS Upper Extremity physical function (P-UE) has demonstrated limited responsiveness in the early postoperative period after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The aim of this study is to determine if addition of PROMIS Pain Interference (P-Interference) or Pain Intensity (P-Intensity) scores improve the ability to detect postoperative changes in the one-year postoperative period following TSA.

Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Identifies Distinct Patterns of Sympathetic Hyperactivity Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) occurs with high prevalence among critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with worse outcomes. The PSH-Assessment Measure (PSH-AM) consists of a Clinical Features Scale and a diagnosis likelihood tool (DLT) intended to quantify the severity of sympathetically mediated symptoms and the likelihood that they are due to PSH, respectively, on a daily basis. Here, we aim to identify and explore the value of dynamic trends in the evolution of sympathetic hyperactivity following acute TBI using elements of the PSH-AM.

OCT Angiography characteristics of Bilateral Mactel type 1: revealing the Aneurysmo occlusive variety.

Purpose: To report OCTA (Optical coherence tomography angiography) characteristics of bilateral MacTel type 1 with capillary obliteration.

Method: Colour fundus photo (CFP), OCT angiography (OCTA), Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), Fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Result: We describe three cases of bilateral MacTel Type 1 with a special emphasis on OCTA characteristics.

Anisotropic Raman Scattering and Lattice Orientation Identification of 2M-WS.

Anisotropic materials with low symmetries hold significant promise for next-generation electronic and quantum devices. 2M-WS, which is a candidate for topological superconductivity, has garnered considerable interest. However, a comprehensive understanding of how its anisotropic features contribute to unconventional superconductivity, along with a simple, reliable method to identify its crystal orientation, remains elusive.

Health literacy among the rural Bangladeshi population on first aid measures and prevention of snakebite.

Background: Bangladesh has a high rate of snakebite. In rural areas, there is a significant mortality and morbidity rate due to lack of awareness and inappropriate first aid practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of the rural population in two subdistricts of Bangladesh regarding snakebite prevention and first aid measures.

Association of Vestibular Neuritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination.

Among the various side-effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, vestibular neuritis (VN) has been found to have some interesting association with the vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and VN. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using MeSH terms for case reports published until July 2023.

Traumatic head injuries in children: demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Traumatic head injuries (THIs) are among the leading cause of mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children worldwide. Most of the published literature concerning THIs arises predominantly from North America and Europe. However, only limited data about the incidence, characteristics and impact on children in Saudi Arabia exists.

Maternal and infant predictors of human milk macronutrient and energy concentrations in rural Bangladesh: an observational cohort study.

Background: Human milk macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and energy concentrations vary based on maternal and infant factors and time postpartum.

Objective: To determine the change in milk macronutrient and energy concentrations from approximately 2 to 5 months postpartum and identify factors associated with this variation among a lactation cohort in Bangladesh.

Methods: In this prospective observational lactation cohort in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, we collected hand-expressed mid-feed human milk samples and analyzed macronutrient concentrations using mid-infrared spectroscopy.

A thermodynamic bottleneck in the TCA cycle contributes to acetate overflow in .

During aerobic growth, relies on acetate overflow metabolism, a process where glucose is incompletely oxidized to acetate, for its bioenergetic needs. Acetate is not immediately captured as a carbon source and is excreted as waste by cells. The underlying factors governing acetate overflow in have not been identified.

Unlocking an additive-free and catalyst-free dual approach for reduction of amides to amines.

We report a two-fold strategy to convert amides to amines in the presence of dimethylamine-borane as the hydrogen source. In the absence of any additive, the formation of the amines resulted from reduction of the amides. On the other hand, in the presence of TMEDA and dimethylamine-borane, tertiary amines were obtained from primary amides in a one-pot fashion.

A Rare Case of Primary Chondrosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Breast sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms originating from the mammary stroma. They are uncommon tumors, often occurring as a component of other tumors. Among malignant breast mesenchymal tumors, pure sarcomas lacking epithelial components are even rarer, comprising only 0.

"When in Rome…": structural determinants impacting healthcare access, health outcomes, and well-being of South Asian older adults in Ontario using a multilingual qualitative approach.

With the increase in international migration, the need for an equitable healthcare system in Canada is increasing. The current biomedical model of healthcare is constructed largely in the Eurocentric tradition of medicine, which often disregards the diverse health perspectives of Canada's racialized immigrant older adults. As a result, current healthcare approaches (adopted in the US and Canada) fall short in addressing the health needs of a considerable segment of the population, impeding their ability to access healthcare services.

Study protocol for COVID-19 breakthrough infections and vaccine-induced immune response among a cohort of healthcare workers, Bangladesh.

Background: To optimize vaccination strategies, it is useful to detect breakthrough infections and assess vaccine effectiveness in programmatic use. Monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine effectiveness against them is also essential to determine the most effective vaccine options. This study aims to monitor SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, and host immune response during the peri-infection period of COVID-19.

Wernicke's encephalopathy, Central Pontine Myelinolysis and Supraventricular Tachycardia in a Case of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a potentially lethal complication of thiamine deficiency which mainly occurs in chronic alcoholic patients. It may occur in other conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum too. Pregnancy may also be complicated with other neurological and cardiac complications.

Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy by Using Pneumatic Lithotripsy Alone and In Combination with Ultrasonic Lithotripsy.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold standard treatment for large kidney stones. Recent advancements in endoscopic technology and operative techniques have significantly increased the success rate of PCNL while reducing associated complications and morbidity. A key development contributing to this progress is the introduction of various new lithotripter techniques, which facilitate rapid stone fragmentation and clearance.

Estimation of induction motor equivalent circuit parameters and losses from transient measurement.

Due to robustness and low-cost, Induction motors are among the most commonly utilized types of motors in industrial applications. The operation and efficiency of any induction motor can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by solving its equivalent circuit. However, the equivalent circuit parameters may differ from the measured one with aging and when the operating conditions varies.

Identifying Sequence Effects on Chain Dimensions of Disordered Proteins by Integrating Experiments and Simulations.

It has become increasingly evident that the conformational distributions of intrinsically disordered proteins or regions are strongly dependent on their amino acid compositions and sequence. To facilitate a systematic investigation of these sequence-ensemble relationships, we selected a set of 16 naturally occurring intrinsically disordered regions of identical length but with large differences in amino acid composition, hydrophobicity, and charge patterning. We probed their conformational ensembles with single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), complemented by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

Deconstructing the Mapper algorithm to extract richer topological and temporal features from functional neuroimaging data.

Capturing and tracking large-scale brain activity dynamics holds the potential to deepen our understanding of cognition. Previously, tools from topological data analysis, especially Mapper, have been successfully used to mine brain activity dynamics at the highest spatiotemporal resolutions. Even though it is a relatively established tool within the field of topological data analysis, Mapper results are highly impacted by parameter selection.

Recent Advances and Future Directions in Sonodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment.

Deep-tissue solid cancer treatment has a poor prognosis, resulting in a very low 5-year patient survival rate. The primary challenges facing solid tumor therapies are accessibility, incomplete surgical removal of tumor tissue, the resistance of the hypoxic and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment to chemotherapy and radiation, and suffering caused by off-target toxicities. Here, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an evolving therapeutic approach that uses low-intensity ultrasound to target deep-tissue solid tumors.

Revolutionizing lung cancer treatment: Introducing PROTAC therapy as a novel paradigm in targeted therapeutics.

This comprehensive review explores the transformative potential of PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) therapy as a groundbreaking approach in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The introduction provides a succinct overview of current challenges in lung cancer treatment, emphasizing the significance of targeted therapies. Focusing on PROTAC therapy, the article elucidates its mechanism of action, comparing it with traditional targeted therapies and highlighting the key components and design principles of PROTAC molecules.