A pediatric case of pituitary macroadenoma presenting with pituitary apoplexy and cranial nerve involvement: case report.

Pituitary adenomas usually arise from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and are manifested with hormonal disorders or mass effect. Mass effect usually occurs in nonfunctional tumors. Pituitary adenomas may be manifested with visual field defects or rarely in the form of total oculomotor palsy.

Ewing's sarcoma: dural metastases after intracranial hemorrhage.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a primary malignant tumor of the mesenchymal tissue of bone in children and young adults. Central nervous system metastases of ES are rarely seen. In this paper, we report a case of ES that progressed with dural metastases after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Cystain C and neuropeptid Y levels in brain tissues after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of cystatin C, which protects neurodegeneration in the central nervous system with the inhibition of cysteine protease and by inducing autophagy in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm and levels of vasoconstrictive neuropeptid Y (NPY) in the brain tissue homogenates of rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Three experimental groups were used: Day 2 and Day 7 groups after SAH, and also a control group. There were seven Wistar albino rats in each group.

Apoptosis and necrosis in the circumventricular organs after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage as detected with annexin V and caspase 3 immunostaining.

Objectives: The circumventricular organs (CVOs) are essential for most autonomic and endocrine functions. Trauma and bleeding can affect their function. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis and necrosis in CVOs in the early period after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats, using annexin V affinity and caspase 3 immunostaining.

Ischemia modified albumin increase indicating cardiac damage after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Cardiac complications are often developed after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and may cause sudden death of the patient. There are reports in the literature addressing ischemia modified albumin (IMA) as an early and useful marker in the diagnosis of ischemic heart events. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum IMA by using the albumin cobalt binding (ACB) test in the first, second, and seventh days of experimental SAH in rats.

Decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural haematoma: an overview of current prognostic factors and a discussion about some novel prognostic parametres.

Objective: To identify specific factors that can be used to predict functional outcome and to assess the value of decompressive craniectomy in patients with acute subdural haematoma.

Methods: The retrospective study was done at the Zonguldak Karaelwas University Practice and Research Hospital, Turkey, and included 34 trauma patients who had undergone decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural haematoma from 2001 to 2009. At the 30th day of the operation, the patients were grouped as survivors and non-survivors.

Effect of coenzyme Q10 on ischemia and neuronal damage in an experimental traumatic brain-injury model in rats.

Background: Head trauma is one of the most important clinical issues that not only can be fatal and disabling, requiring long-term treatment and care, but also can cause heavy financial burden. Formation or distribution of free oxygen radicals should be decreased to enable fixing of poor neurological outcomes and to prevent neuronal damage secondary to ischemia after trauma. Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, is a strong antioxidant that plays a role in membrane stabilization.

Spherical amyloid deposition in a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma.

A 41-year-old man presented with headache, right-sided ophthalmic pain and visual deficit. His neurological examination was normal except for bitemporal hemianopsia and right lower quadranopsia. MRI demonstrated a mass arising from the pituitary gland.

Intracranial foreign body.

Intracranial foreign bodies due to nonmissile intracranial penetrations occur rarely. Most of these penetrating injuries result from industrial accidents or criminal assaults. The complications which cause mortality in early stage are intracerebral hemorrhage, contusion, major vascular injury and meningitis.

Intramedullary spinal epidermoid associated with an intramedullary lipoma.

True intramedullary epidermoids and true intramedullary lipomas of the spinal cord are very rare lesions. To our knowledge, there has been no reported case associated with an intramedullary spinal lipoma. This is the first reported case with the association of these two lesions.