Effect of Exercise and Quercetin in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Induced with Fructose.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), one of the most researched topics in recent years, is a metabolic disorder that presents with increased inactivity and has increasing prevalence in the developing world where many ready-made foods are consumed. This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of exercise and quercetin administration in a rat model of MetS induced by fructose. Forty-two male rats were divided into seven groups ( = 6): control (C), fructose (F), exercise (E), quercetin (Q), fructose+exercise (F+E), fructose+quercetin (F+Q), and fructose+quercetin+exercise (F+Q+E).

Positive Effects of Melatonin on Renal Nitric Oxide-Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Metabolism in Fructose-Fed Rats.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide and this is mainly attributed to high carbohydrate intake, especially of fructose, and sedentary lifestyles. Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, is a crucial molecule for endothelial and renal health. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is the most potent inhibitor of NOS and it is degraded by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

Beneficial effects of melatonin on serum nitric oxide, homocysteine, and ADMA levels in fructose-fed rats.

Context: Melatonin, a pineal hormone and a potent antioxidant, has important roles in metabolic regulation.

Objective: This study investigated serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine (Hcy), nitric oxide (NO) levels, known to be reliable markers of cardiovascular diseases, and determined possible protective effects of melatonin in fructose-fed rats.

Materials And Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, fructose, melatonin, and fructose plus melatonin.

The effect of taurine on the relationship between NO, ADMA and homocysteine in endotoxin-mediated inflammation in HUVEC cultures.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of taurine on the relationship between nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (Hcy) in endotoxin-induced human umblical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures. For this reason, four groups were formed (n=12). Control group consists of HUVEC cultures without any treatment.

Effect of taurine on brain 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in endotoxemia.

Taurine is a sulfur-containing β-amino acid that is found in milimolar concentrations in most mammalian tissues and plasma. It was shown to have cytoprotective effects in many in vitro and in vivo studies and these actions are often attributed to an antioxidant mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acute taurine administration on endotoxin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in brain.

Effects of taurine on nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in spleen during endotoxemia.

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free sulfur-containing β-amino acid which has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and detoxificant properties. In the present study, the role of endotoxemia on peroxynitrite formation via 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) detection, and the possible antioxidant effect of taurine in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated guinea pigs were aimed. 40 adult male guinea pigs were divided into four groups; control, endotoxemia, taurine and taurine+endotoxemia.

Role of neutrophils in arginine-asymmetric dimethylarginine pathway subsequent to endotoxemia.

There is a striking correlation between nitric oxide (NO) production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity accession in various tissues after endotoxemia. Both arginine-NO and arginine-asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathways have been recognized to play critical roles during infection and inflammation. We investigated whether there is a link between MPO-mediated nitrating pathway and arginine-ADMA pathway after endotoxemia in liver.

High-dose vitamin C supplementation accelerates the Achilles tendon healing in healthy rats.

Introduction: This experimental study was performed to assess, whether or not, vitamin C, required during the collagen synthesis, would influence the Achilles tendon healing in a healthy rat model.

Materials And Methods: The right Achilles tendons of 42 healthy female Wistar Albino rats were completely ruptured. The rats were randomly divided into the vitamin C and control groups and both groups included third, tenth and twenty-first day subgroups.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on energy production and xanthine oxidase levels in striated muscle tissue of healthy rats.

We investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on striated muscle tissue in healthy rats. The treatment group of rats (n=16) was given HBO daily on weekdays for 2 h over a 4-week period while a control group (n=8) was not treated. Tissue samples were taken from the left and right vastus lateralis before and after the HBO treatment period, respectively, for all rats in both groups.

The relationship between taurine and 3-nitrotyrosine level of hepatocytes in experimental endotoxemia.

It has been proposed that taurine may function as an oxidant in a dose-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between taurine concentration and 3-nitrotyrosine level, a stable marker of peroxynitrite action, in hepatocytes of guinea pig in endotoxemia before and after taurine administration. The levels of taurine and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured by HPLC method.

Effect of taurine on endotoxin-induced alterations in plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-arginine and nitric oxide in guinea pigs.

The effect of taurine on the plasma levels of L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine/ADMA ratio and nitric oxide was investigated in experimental endotoxemia. L-arginine and ADMA levels were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Nitric oxide level was measured with spectrophotometric method.

Ischemic preconditioning improves liver regeneration by sustaining energy metabolism after partial hepatectomy under ischemia in rats.

Background: The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported on improvement of survival, reduction of liver necrosis and enhancement of the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. This study was undertaken to confirm that IPC has a significant impact on regeneration of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in ischemically damaged liver. In addition, we sought to examine the role of adenine nucleotides in this process.

The effect of vitamin A pretreatment on radiation induced alteration in neutrophil functions.

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether pre-administration of vitamin A will be effective in preventing the radiation-induced decline in MPO-H2O2 system and the end product of reactive nitrogen species (NOx) in guinea pig. Animals were subjected to 612 cG of radiation and polimorfonuclear leukocytes were isolated and then NOx and myeloperoxidase activity were measured. In irradiated animals, a marked decrease in NOx level and myeloperoxidase activity have been found compared to control (p = 0.

Effect of vitamin A pretreatment on Escherichia coli-induced lipid peroxidation and level of 3-nitrotyrosine in kidney of guinea pig.

In the present study, we report the effect of vitamin A (Vit A, retinol palpitate) on kidney lipid peroxidation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels induced after Escherichia coli administration to guinea pigs. Vit A was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.

The effects of nitric oxide synthesis on the Na+ ,K(+)-ATPase activity in guinea pig kidney exposed to lipopolysaccharides.

Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides; LPS) are known to cause multiple organ failure, including renal dysfunction. LPS triggers the synthesis and release of cytokines and the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO*). A major contributor to the increase in NO* production is LPS-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Effects of melatonin on 3-nitrotyrosine formation and energy charge ratio in guinea pig kidney in LPS-induced stress.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide on guinea pig kidney by measuring the energy charge ratio and 3-nitrotyrosine levels. In addition the possible protective role of melatonin against lipopolysaccharide-mediated peroxynitrite formation and energy depletion of kidney was determined. Guinea pigs were either pretreated with melatonin or saline (for the control) followed by intraperitoneal administration of E.

Impaired Na+,K+-ATPase activity as a mechanism of reactive nitrogen species-induced cytotoxicity in guinea pig liver exposed to lipopolysaccharides.

In animal models of endotoxin, the excess production of NO and the reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are potent oxidant and nitrating agents, lead to lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, tissue dysfunction and injury and inactivate enzymes in many cell types. Although liver functions are well known to deteriorate following bacterial infection, the underlying specific mechanism(s) remain a matter of considerable debate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the in vivo effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Na+,K+-ATPase activity of guinea pig liver, and to investigate the possible contribution of RNS by measuring of iNOS activity and 3-nitrotyrosine (nTyr) levels.

The effect of desferrioxamine on peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage in erythrocytes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of desferrioxamine on peroxynitrite-mediated damage in erythrocytes by measuring the 3-nitrotyrosine level and glutathione peroxidase and Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activities in vitro. 3-Nitrotyrosine levels were determined by HPLC; glutathione peroxidase and Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Peroxynitrite increased the 3-nitrotyrosine level but decreased both enzyme activities.