Effects of repeated doses of paracetamol administration during pregnancy on lung, kidney, and liver tissues of pregnant rats.

Objectives: Paracetamol is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in the world. It is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent in pregnancy. Paracetamol is known to have toxic effects on the liver, lung, and kidney.

Greater occipital nerve block in migraine prophylaxis: Narrative review.

Objectives: The importance and popularity of peripheral nerve block procedures have increased in the treatment of migraine. Greater occipital nerve (GON) block is a commonly used peripheral nerve block method, and there are numerous researches on its use in migraine treatment.

Materials And Methods: A search of PubMed for English-language randomized controlled trials (RCT) and open studies on greater occipital nerve block between 1995 and 2018 was performed using greater occipital nerve, headache, and migraine as keywords.

Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve Blocks in Migraine Prophylaxis.

Introduction: Peripheral nerve blocks have been used in primary headache treatment since a long time. In this study, we aimed to examine the efficiency of greater occipital nerve (GON) block in migraine prophylaxis.

Methods: Data from migraine without aura patients who had GON block were collected and divided into two groups: Group PGON (n=25), which included patients who were under medical prophylaxis and had GON block, and Group GON (n=53), which included patients who had only GON blocks.

Epileptic seizure following IV tramadol in a patient with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia.

Objective: To present a case of an epileptic seizure related to intravenous (IV) tramadol for pain control following a total abdominal hysterectomy operation on a patient with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia.

Background: Tramadol is an analgesic with a dual mechanism of action and has several side effects, one of which is epileptic seizure.

Case Report: A 42-year-old female with mental retardation and cerebellar ataxia presented with an epileptic seizure after administration of IV tramadol for postoperative pain.

Postoperative analgesic efficacy of intravenous dexketoprofen in lumbar disc surgery.

Background: We investigated the postoperative analgesic efficacy and effect on total tramadol consumption of intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in patients that had undergone lumbar disc surgery.

Methods: Sixty patients were included in this placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. General anesthesia was applied to both groups.

[The effects of two different multimodal analgesic regimens in total hip replacement surgery].

Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of two different multimodal analgesia protocols in terms of postoperative pain relief, tramadol consumption during patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and side effects after total hip replacement surgery.

Methods: Group F (n=18) received general anesthesia after a 3-in-1 femoral nerve block (FNB) was applied using 40 ml of bupivacaine 0.25%.

Effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on ischaemia/reperfusion in rabbit skeletal muscle.

Background And Objective: Tourniquet use is a common tool in surgical procedures of the limbs. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 not only has a role in replacement of the liquid deficits due to trauma, bleeding or shock, but it is also effective in enhancing tissue oxygen tension and regulation of microcirculation.

Intravenous paracetamol improves the quality of postoperative analgesia but does not decrease narcotic requirements.

Paracetamol, a centrally acting inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, has less gastrointestinal and platelet-inhibiting side effects and is clinically better tolerated than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, it will be ideally suited for postoperative pain relief. In this prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy, opioid-sparing effect and effects on opioid-related adverse effects of intravenous (IV) paracetamol in combination with IV morphine after lumbar laminectomy and discectomy.

The analgesic effect of 8 and 16 mg lornoxicam administered before shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of 2 different doses of intravenous lornoxicam for pain relief during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).

Methods: In this randomized, controlled, double-blind study, 60 ASA I-II patients undergoing SWL were randomly divided into 3 groups. Fifteen minutes before SWL, 4 mL of saline solution was given to the patients in group I, 8 mg lornoxicam in group II, and 16 mg lornoxicam in group III.

Parapharyngeal tumor mimicking cervicogenic headache.

Nasopharyngeal cancer can occur in any age group and is often misdiagnosed. Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a clinical condition, putatively originating from nociceptive structures in the neck. A patient with CEH-like symptoms occurring as a result of nasopharyngeal cancer invasion is reported.

Greater occipital nevre block in migraine headache: preliminary results of 10 patients.

Despite a favorable clinical experience, there are little evidence existing about the effects of greater occipital nerve (GON) block in migraine treatment. In an open, preliminary trial we evaluated the use of GON block with 0,5 % bupivacaine, in prevention of migraine attacks. Ten women suffering from migraine diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria were evaluated in a six-month study period.

The effect of opioid administration by different routes on the psychological functions of elderly patients.

Psychological status of patients during epidural and intravenous (i.v.) morphine administration are not known enough.

Is there a role for nitric oxide activity in cervicogenic headache?

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a unilateral headache that can be provoked by neck movement, awkward head positions or pressure on tender points in the neck. The mechanisms underlying the stimulation of pain in CEH are not clearly known. In this study, we measured serum nitrate and nitrite levels as an index of nitric oxide (NO) activity in 15 patients with CEH during headache and headache-free periods and in 15 healthy controls.

Efficacy of lornoxicam in postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement surgery.

In total knee replacement operation, patients have a severe pain in the postoperative period. Because of side effects of opioids, multiple postoperative pain treatment regimens are more suitable in these elderly patients. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study, the effect of lornoxicam administration (32 mg/48 hour) on morphine consumption and drug-related side effects were investigated in elderly patients undergoing total knee replacement.

The effect of 3-in-1 femoral nerve block with ropivacaine 0.375% on postoperative morphine consumption in elderly patients after total knee replacement surgery.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most painful orthopedic surgical procedures. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of a single-shot preoperative 3-in-1 femoral nerve block on postoperative pain by using 0.375% ropivacaine, and on the consumption of morphine by using PCA following the TKR surgery.

Cervicogenic headache: pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment.

Cervicogenic headache is a relatively common and still controversial form of headache arising from structures in the neck. Cervicogenic headache is a unilateral fixed headache characterised by pain that starts in the neck and spreads to the ipsilateral oculo-fronto-temporal area. The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or eliciting factors, such as intervertebral dysfunction, cytokines and nitric oxide.

Ketamine combined with morphine for the management of cancer pain in a patient with meperidine tolerance and addiction.

Pain treatment of patients with opioid addiction and tolerance may be challenging due to their unexpectedly higher pain sensitivities and opioid requirements. It has been reported that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is involved in mechanisms of tolerance to opioid analgesics. Recently enhancement of morphine induced analgesia by low dose ketamine addition to the treatment regimen has been reported.