The effect of visual and/or auditory distraction techniques on children's pain, anxiety and medical fear in invasive procedures: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of visual and/or auditory distraction techniques applied to children aged 7-12 during invasive procedures on pain, anxiety, and medical fear.

Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a public hospital between November 2021 and March 2022. In the study, 144 children were assigned to three different intervention groups, in which a kaleidoscope, music, and virtual reality were applied during invasive procedures, and the control group in which the standard invasive procedure was applied, by using the stratified block randomization method.