Cigarette smoking trajectories among adolescents and young adults in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Cigarette smoking follows a progressive pattern throughout the lifetime; most adult smokers started smoking during adolescence.

Aim: To understand the cigarette smoking trajectories and their predictors among adolescents and young adults in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods: Using data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, we followed 1169 adolescents (12-18 years old) into their young adulthood (28-32 years old), from 2002 to 2016.

Long-term changes as oil palm plantation age simplify the structure of host-parasitoid food webs.

Understanding host-parasitoid food webs, as well as the factors affecting species interactions, is important for developing pest management strategies in an agroecosystem. This research aimed to study how the long-term change in oil palm plantations, specifically the tree age, affect the structure of host-parasitoid food webs. The field research was conducted on an oil palm plantation located in Central Kalimantan and Jambi Province, Indonesia.

Expression analysis of IL-2, TBX21 and SOCS1 in peripheral blood cells of celiac disease patients reveals the diagnostic potential of IL-2.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy and a cytokine network is involved in its pathogenesis. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has a key role in the adaptive immune pathogenesis of CD and has been reported to be one of the earliest cytokines to be elicited after gluten exposure by CD patients. This study aimed at investigating the expression level of IL-2 and functionally related genes SOCS1 and TBX21 in active and treated CD patients compared to controls.

Perspectives of Medical Experts' on Health Culture for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Compared to Auxiliary Health Workers.

Background And Objectives: The viewpoints of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences medical experts'' were compared with those of auxiliary health workers regarding health culture related to human papillomavirus vaccination in 2020.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 medical experts' (gynecologists, cultural, psychological, infectious, dermatological, and educational) and auxiliary health workers were randomly selected and investigated. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire modeled on international questionnaires.

Effect of TCF7L2 on the relationship between lifestyle factors and glycemic parameters: a systematic review.

Background: Among candidate genes related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), one of the strongest genes is Transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), regarding the Genome-Wide Association Studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the modification effect of TCF7L2 on the relation between glycemic parameters and lifestyle factors.

Methods: A systematic literature search was done for relevant publications using electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, from January 1, 2000, to November 2, 2021.

Effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, high in animal or plant protein on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing plant proteins with animal proteins in the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese metabolic syndrome participants.

Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 90 obese patients with metabolic syndrome, aged 30-70 years were randomly allocated into the DASH diet based on plant or animal proteins for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess the biochemical markers.

Extracellular Vesicles from Serum of Mycobacteria Patients Accelerate Expression of Apoptosis miRNAs and Facilitate THP-1 Monocyte Cell Death.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may accelerate cell death during the course of infection. Mycobacteria could invade the host's immune system and survive in the host by modulation of miRNAs. MiRNAs' differential expressions can serve as biomarkers.

An assessment of measures to reduce injuries and mortality among motorcyclists: A cross-sectional survey-based study.

Background: Motorcyclists are one of the most vulnerable groups in road accidents. This study aimed to investigate the effective measures to reduce injuries and deaths in the most vulnerable road users' motorcyclists in 2020.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study.

Role of Common Variables: Age, Gender, BMI, Rhinosinusitis, and Smoking among Asthmatic and Severe Asthmatic Patients.

Background: This study was done to determine the role of common variables, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), rhinosinusitis, and smoking among a group of asthmatic and severe asthmatic patients in 2016.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from mid-June to the end of September 2016. Of 678 patients with asthma referred to private asthma clinics in Tehran, 163 subjects were selected.

Health Culture and Presenting a Paradigmatic Model Focusing on Human Papillomavirus Disease.

In this study, we developed a paradigmatic model focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) diseases, in order to formulate a theory by investigating pathology in health culture using Grounded Theory, as an inductive and exploratory research method. It was a qualitative study, and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 20 people (10 men and 10 women) with cultural and religious specialties (clergy). In total, twenty interviews were conducted (mean duration = 45 min) using a semi-structured guide consisting of open-ended questions.

Cigarette and Hookah Smoking in Adolescent Students using World Health Organization Questionnaire Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS): A Pilot Study in Varamin City, Iran in 2016.

Background And Objectives: Clues show that a large number of toxic agents, including carcinogenic, heavy metals, other particles, and high levels of nicotine, are effectively delivered through cigarette and hookah smoking. A pilot study was carried out in Varamin city, Iran in 2016 aimed to determine status of cigarette and hookah smoking in adolescent students using, Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice among staff associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine of young children in Iran.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, practice associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine for Young Children among lecturers and health staffs of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).

Method: This was a cross-sectional study with 220 adults from five different specialties, randomly selected. Data was collected using 45-item questionnaire on knowledge (12- item), attitude (18-item) and practice (15-item) (KAP) about HPV.

Outcomes after Surgical Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: To report long term outcomes after surgical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA).

Study Design: Cohort study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Liver Transplant and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from October 2011 to April 2018.

Effects of resveratrol supplementation in male Wistar rats undergoing an endurance exercise and acute exercise training.

Objective: The present study was aimed to assess the effect of Resveratrol supplementation, endurance exercise and acute exercise training on oxidative stress and tissue damage markers.

Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups including resveratrol group, exercise group, exercise + resveratrol group (n= 16) and control group (n= 16). RES was orally administered to male rats for 28 day at a dose of 10 mg per kg body during exercise.

Environmental and familial factors in drug use among commercial drivers in suburban public transport.

Background: A study was conducted in 2013 on the lack of accurate statistics on the environmental and family factors behind the use of drugs by drivers of public transport.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 1176 drivers of buses, mini-buses, vans, all kinds of trucks, and cars were randomly selected proportionately according to the type of vehicles. The capture-recapture sampling method was used to determine the prevalence rate of drug use among commercial drivers.

The Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Iran and 15 Surrounding Countries: 1990-2016.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study provides estimates of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors in 195 countries, territories, and regions by sex and 20 age categories in 195 countries and regions since 1990. In this study, we aimed to present the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Iran and 15 surrounding countries in 1990-2016.

Methods: The standard Cause of Death Ensemble modeling (CODEm) is used to estimate deaths due to all causes of injury by age, sex, country and year.

Assessing the Prevalence and Incidence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Objectives: This study conducted in 2016 aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

Material And Methods: A meta-analysis to evaluate the published research relating to asthma and COPD was conducted using data from 23 EMR Office (EMRO) countries and searching using the web of science, PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Google scholar, and MEDLINE databases. The keywords entered were all EMRO countries (Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Islamic republic Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arab, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen republic, and Cyprus) and asthma OR chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) OR (chronic bronchitis).

Using bayesian model to estimate the cost of traffic injuries in Iran in 2013.

Background And Aim: A significant social and economic burden inflicts by road traffic injuries (RTIs). We aimed to use Bayesian model, to present the precise method, and to estimate the cost of RTIs in Iran in 2013.

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional study on costs resulting from traffic injuries, 846 people per road user were randomly selected and investigated during 3 months (1 September-1 December) in 2013.

The Pattern of Pre-hospital Medical Service Delivery in Iran; a Cross Sectional Study.

Introduction: Pre-hospital emergency systems provide service by Franco-German and Anglo American models. This study was carried out to compare the Iranian emergency medical service (EMS) with the two models regarding timing and equipment.

Methods: In this cross sectional study, response time, scene time, and transport time to hospital as well as ambulance equipment of five hundred thousand Tehran EMS recorded missions, during one year, were compared with Franco-German and Anglo American models, trying to determine the pattern of EMS delivery in Iran.

Temporal Patterns of Road Traffic Injuries in Iran.

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the main causes of death and disability in Iran. However, very few studies about the temporal variations of RTIs have been published to date.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the temporal pattern of RTIs in Iran in 2012.

Cost Estimation of Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Motorcyclists Using the Willingness to Pay Method.

Background: Motorcycle riders are amongst some of the most vulnerable road users. The burden of motorcycles injuries from low and middle income countries is under-reported.

Objectives: In this study, the cost of traffic injuries among motorcyclists was calculated using the willingness to pay (WTP) method in Iran in 2013.