Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in the Development of Complications in Patients with Implanted Left Ventricular Assist Devices: HeartWare, HeartMate II, and HeartMate 3.

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is one of the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) treatments for advanced heart failure (HF) patients. MCS has emerged as a lifesaving therapy that improves patients' quality of life. However, MCS remains limited by a paradoxical coagulopathy accompanied by thrombosis and bleeding.