This systematic review aims to address the research gap in the performance of computational algorithms for the digital image analysis of HER2 images in clinical settings. While numerous studies have explored various aspects of these algorithms, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding their effectiveness in real-world clinical applications. We conducted a search of the Web of Science and PubMed databases for studies published from 31 December 2013 to 30 June 2024, focusing on performance effectiveness and components such as dataset size, diversity and source, ground truth, annotation, and validation methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMobile (m) Health technology is well-suited for Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) in a patient's habitual environment. In recent years there have been fast-paced developments in mHealth-enabled pediatric RPM, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating evidence synthesis. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of clinical trials that had utilized mHealth-enabled RPM of pediatric asthma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: mHealth refers to digital technologies that, via smartphones, mobile apps and specialised digital sensors, yield real-time assessments of patient's health status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these technologies enable remote patient monitoring, with the benefit of timely recognition of disease progression to convalescence, deterioration or postacute sequelae. This should enable appropriate medical interventions and facilitate recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Asthma is associated with poorer outcomes in sickle cell disease (SCD). Whether AHR can exist in SCD as a distinct entity, separate and independent of asthma, is unknown.
Aims: Our goal was to elucidate the prevalence of AHR, as measured by a methacholine challenge test (MCT), in children with SCD who did not have concomitant asthma or any recent history of acute chest syndrome (ACS).
Lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is often exacerbated following acute upper respiratory tract infections caused by the human rhinovirus (HRV). Pathophysiology of these exacerbations is presently unclear and may involve deficient innate antiviral or exaggerated inflammatory responses in CF airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, responses of CF cells to HRV may be adversely affected by pre-exposure to virulence factors of Pseudomonas (P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacological stimulation of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β in the airways may help to counter deleterious virus-induced exacerbations in chronic inflammatory lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cystic fibrosis). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] is a known inducer of IFN-β but also costimulates an inflammatory response. The latter response is undesirable given the pre-existing airway inflammation in these diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with an exuberant inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lung damage. Whey protein is a rich source of cysteine, and anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing peptides. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of whey are augmented by hyperbaric pressure treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Whey proteins (WP) exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Hyperbaric pressurisation of whey increases its digestibility and changes the spectrum of peptides released during digestion. We have shown that dietary supplementation with pressurised whey improves nutritional status and systemic inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDown-regulation of overabundant interleukin (IL)-8 present in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways could ease excessive neutrophil burden and its deleterious consequences for the lung. IL-8 production in airway epithelial cells, stimulated with e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in North America and Europe. Most patients succumb to progressive lung disease characterized by an exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation. In animal models of chronic infection, high-dose ibuprofen was demonstrated to reduce inflammation without hindering bacterial clearance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPressurized whey supplementation, by its antioxidant and nutritional properties, may improve exercise tolerance and potentiate the effects of exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 22 patients with COPD were allocated to receive active pressurized whey or placebo (casein) dietary supplementation for a 16-week period. Patients continued their usual physical activities for the first 8 weeks, whereas they were subjected to an exercise training program for the remaining 8 weeks of the study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: High-dose ibuprofen is clinically effective in cystic fibrosis (CF); however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that clinically relevant concentrations of ibuprofen suppress activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and thus down-regulate stimulated interleukin (IL)-8 production in CF respiratory epithelial cells.
Methods: The majority of experiments were conducted in CFTE29o- cells (F508del-mutated CF transmembrane regulator, CFTR).
Oxidative stress is a likely contributor to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a physiological oxidant, is not elevated in CF exhalates. H(2)O(2) may be neutralized by antioxidants in CF airway secretions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracellular glutathione (GSH) plays an important regulatory role in the host response to viral infections. Replenishment of intracellular GSH is a desirable yet challenging goal, since systemic GSH supplementation is rather inefficient due to a short half-life of GSH in blood plasma. Further, GSH is not taken up by cells directly, but needs to be broken down into amino acids and resynthesized to GSH intracellularly, this process often being impaired during viral infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lack or inactivation of defensins may facilitate chronic bacterial colonization in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. CF nasal epithelium exhibits typical biochemical abnormalities and can be used to study defensin expression in CF.
Objectives: To evaluate the expression of beta defensin (HBD-1 and HBD-2) mRNA and the presence of inflammatory markers (percentage of neutrophils and IL-8 mRNA expression) in CF and non-CF nasal mucosa.