Estimating the Real Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan: Factors Associated with Detection of the "True Infections".

The COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing worldwide, and various case and death numbers are being reported to track its spread. However, the number of actual cases is uncertain due to under-reporting. Using mortality data as a more reliable indicator, this study in Kazakhstan evaluated the extent of under-reporting and under-detection of COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to September 2022 using back-casting and capture-recapture methods.

Towards an Accurate Estimation of COVID-19 Cases in Kazakhstan: Back-Casting and Capture-Recapture Approaches.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has emerged as the most devastating syndemic of the 21st century, with worrisome and sustained consequences for the entire society. Despite the relative success of vaccination programs, the global threat of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is still present and further efforts are needed for its containment and control. Essential for its control and containment is getting closer to understanding the actual extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Physiologic Mechanisms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Remission Following Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-analysis and Clinical Implications.

Introduction: As obesity prevalence grows in the USA, metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly more common. Current theories propose that insulin resistance is responsible for the hypertension, dyslipidemia, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and low HDL that comprise metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is one potential treatment, and its effects include permanently altering the patient's physiology and glucose regulation.