volatile organic compounds: efficacy against and of kiwifruit.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are responsible for the antagonistic activity exerted by different biological control agents (BCAs). In this study, VOCs produced by strain 117-2b were tested against two kiwifruit fungal postharvest pathogens: and , through and assays. results demonstrated that 117-2b VOCs inhibit mycelial growth of and by 56% and 42.

Deciphering the Effect of Light Wavelengths in spp. DHN-Melanin Production and Their Interplay with ROS Metabolism in .

Pathogenic fungi are influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, light is a source of information for fungi and also a stress factor that triggers multiple biological responses, including the activation of secondary metabolites, such as the production of melanin pigments. In this study, we analyzed the melanin-like production in in vitro conditions, as well as the expression of all biosynthetic and regulatory genes of the DHN-melanin pathway in the three main species upon exposure to light conditions (white, black, blue, red, and far-red wavelengths).

Identification and Biosynthesis of DHN-melanin Related Pigments in the Pathogenic Fungi , and .

is the causal agent of brown rot in stone fruit. The three main species that cause this disease are , , and , and their infection capacity is influenced by environmental factors (i.e.

Transcriptional profiling of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and in vitro tests reveal putative roles of linalool and farnesal in nectarine resistance against brown rot.

The most devastating fungal disease of peaches and nectarines is brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp. Among the many plant responses against biotic stress, plant terpenoids play essential protective functions, including antioxidant activities and inhibition of pathogen growth. Herein, we aimed to characterize the expression of terpenoid biosynthetic genes in fruit tissues that presented different susceptibility to brown rot.

Phenotypic plasticity of Monilinia spp. in response to light wavelengths: From in vitro development to virulence on nectarines.

The development of brown rot in stone fruit caused by the necrotrophic fungus Monilinia spp. is influenced by many abiotic factors, such as temperature, humidity, and light. Specifically, filamentous fungi perceive light as a signal for ecophysiological and adaptive responses.

ROS-scavenging-associated transcriptional and biochemical shifts during nectarine fruit development and ripening.

ROS are known as toxic by-products but also as important signaling molecules playing a key role in fruit development and ripening. To counteract the negative effects of ROS, plants and fruit own multiple ROS-scavenging mechanisms aiming to ensure a balanced ROS homeostasis. In the present study, changes in specific ROS (i.

Light Intensity Alters the Behavior of spp. and the Disease Development on Stone Fruit-Pathogen Interaction.

The development of brown rot caused by the necrotrophic fungi spp. in stone fruit under field and postharvest conditions depends, among others, on environmental factors. The effect of temperature and humidity are well studied but there is little information on the role of light in disease development.

PbSRT1 and PbSRT2 regulate pear growth and ripening yet displaying a species-specific regulation in comparison to other Rosaceae spp.

Epigenetic regulation is crucial to ensure a coordinated control of the different events that occur during fruit development and ripening. Sirtuins are NAD-dependent histone deacetylases involved in the regulation of gene expression of many biological processes. However, their implications in the Rosaceae family remains unexplored.

Depicting the battle between nectarine and : the fruit developmental stage dictates the effectiveness of the host defenses and the pathogen's infection strategies.

Infections by the fungus , the main cause of brown rot in Europe, result in considerable losses of stone fruit. Herein, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic approach to unravel strategies deployed by nectarine fruit and during their interaction. We used -inoculated immature and mature fruit, which was resistant and susceptible to brown rot, respectively, to perform a dual RNA-Seq analysis.

Scrutinising the relationship between major physiological and compositional changes during 'Merrill O'Henry' peach growth with brown rot susceptibility.

In the present work, the major physiological and compositional changes occurring during 'Merrill O'Henry' peach growth and its relationship with susceptibility to three strains of spp. at 49, 77, 126 and 160 days after full bloom were explored. Results of disease incidence indicated wide differences among phenological stages, being 49 and 126 days after full bloom the moment when peaches showed significantly lower susceptibility to brown rot (40 and 23% of rotten fruit, respectively, for strain ML8L).

Ethylene biosynthesis and response factors are differentially modulated during the interaction of peach petals with Monilinia laxa or Monilinia fructicola.

Monilinia spp. may infect stone fruit at any growth stage, although susceptibility to brown rot depends on both host properties and climatological conditions. This said, no studies deciphering the host response in the interaction between peach blossoms and Monilinia spp.

Double-sided battle: The role of ethylene during Monilinia spp. infection in peach at different phenological stages.

Controversy exists on whether ethylene is involved in determining fruit resistance or susceptibility against biotic stress. In this work, the hypothesis that ethylene biosynthesis in peaches at different phenological stages may be modulated by Monilinia spp. was tested.

Redox control of yeast Sir2 activity is involved in acetic acid resistance and longevity.

Yeast Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase related to oxidative stress and aging. In a previous study, we showed that Sir2 is regulated by S-glutathionylation of key cysteine residues located at the catalytic domain. Mutation of these residues results in strains with increased resistance to disulfide stress.

Penicillium expansum (compatible) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host) pathogen infection differentially alter ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit.

The role of ethylene on inducing plant resistance or susceptibility to certain fungal pathogens clearly depends on the plant pathogen interaction with little or no-information available focused on the apple-Penicillium interaction. Taken advantage that Penicillium expansum is the compatible pathogen and P. digitatum is the non-host of apples, the present study aimed at deciphering how each Penicillium spp.

Reversible glutathionylation of Sir2 by monothiol glutaredoxins Grx3/4 regulates stress resistance.

The regulatory mechanisms of yeast Sir2, the founding member of the sirtuin family involved in oxidative stress and aging, are unknown. Redox signaling controls many cellular functions, especially under stress situations, with dithiol glutaredoxins (Grxs) playing an important role. However, monothiol Grxs are not considered to have major oxidoreductase activity.

Impaired PLP-dependent metabolism in brain samples from Huntington disease patients and transgenic R6/1 mice.

Oxidative stress has been described as important to Huntington disease (HD) progression. In a previous HD study, we identified several carbonylated proteins, including pyridoxal kinase and antiquitin, both of which are involved in the metabolism of pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6. In the present study, pyridoxal kinase levels were quantified and showed to be decreased both in HD patients and a R6/1 mouse model, compared to control samples.

The FOX transcription factor Hcm1 regulates oxidative metabolism in response to early nutrient limitation in yeast. Role of Snf1 and Tor1/Sch9 kinases.

Within Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hcm1is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family with a role in chromosome organization. Our group recently described its involvement in mitochondrial biogenesis and stress resistance, and reports here that Hcm1 played a role in adaptation to respiratory metabolism when glucose or nitrogen was decreased. Regulation of Hcm1 activity occurs in at least three ways: i) protein quantity, ii) subcellular localization, and iii) transcriptional activity.

Protein oxidation in Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene, affecting initially the striatum and progressively the cortex. Oxidative stress, and consequent protein oxidation, has been described as important to disease progression. This review focuses on recent advances in the field, with a particular emphasis on the identified target proteins and the role that their oxidation has or might have in the pathophysiology of HD.