Impact of physician's perception about LDL cholesterol control in clinical practice when treating patients in Spain.

Background And Aims: We aimed to understand the impact of physicians' perception about LDL-cholesterol (LDLc) control on the management of patients with dyslipidemia in Spain.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and multicenter study, in which 435 healthcare professionals participated in face-to-face meetings, collecting qualitative and quantitative information related to hypercholesterolemia management. Additionally, aggregated anonymized data of the last 10 patients with hypercholesterolemia attended by each physician were collected.

Long-term treatment persistence and maintained reduction of LDL-cholesterol levels with evolocumab over 30 months: Results from the Spanish cohort of the European prospective HEYMANS study.

Aims: Limited data exist on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level variability or long-term persistence with the monoclonal antibody evolocumab in routine clinical practice. HEYMANS (NCT02770131) is the first multi-country, multicenter, observational study of European patients initiating evolocumab as part of their routine clinical management, based on local reimbursement criteria (overall data recently published). The aim of this analysis is to describe clinical characteristics, baseline and changes in LDL-C levels, treatment patterns and persistence to evolocumab over 30 months in the Spanish cohort using data from the HEYMANS Registry.

Dyslipidemia observatory: Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in Spain, context and levers for improvement in clinical practice.

Introduction And Objectives: The treatment of dyslipidemia exhibits wide variability in clinical practice and important limitations that make lipid-lowering goals more difficult to attain. Getting to know the management of these patients in clinical practice is key to understand the existing barriers and to define actions that contribute to achieving the therapeutic goals from the most recent Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Methods: Observatory where the information gathered is based on routine clinical practice and the experience from the healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of dyslipidemia in Spain.

Bempedoic acid. Mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.

Bempedoic acid acts by inhibiting adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) and consequently cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to increased expression of LDL receptors and increasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) plasma clearence. It is a prodrug for oral administration with intracellular activation. It is activatedin liver cells and to a lesser extent in kidney cells, being absent in adipose tissue and muscle cells.

Relationship between diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy, and twenty-year incidence follow-up of a sample of type 1 diabetic patients.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and relationship of diabetic retinopathy (DR), microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy (ON).

Method: A 20-year prospective study, in a cohort of 110 consecutive type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, without diabetic retinopathy or microalbuminuria at enrolment in 1990.

Results: The 20-year incidence of any DR was 70.

Ten-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Risk factors in a sample of people with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine the 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME), and its relationship with its risk factors in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 334 patients without diabetic retinopathy at baseline underwent a 10-year prospective study, the risk factors included: age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c, LDL-C, HDl-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, ApoA1, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, and triglycerides were recorded. Risk factors for diabetic macular edema (DME) were also recorded.