Allergic contact dermatitis to chlorhexidine in children.

Background: Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is rare in children. The usefulness of different diagnostic tests for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is unknown.

Objective: We aim to describe a case series of children with hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine and to compare the results of different diagnostic tests.

Positive drug provocation with beta-lactam antibiotics in children: A single test may not be enough.

Background: Drug provocation tests (DPTs) are considered the gold standard for diagnosing beta-lactam allergy. However, positive results tend to be mild and difficult to interpret. This study aimed to describe pediatric patients with a presumedly positive or inconclusive DPT, assess the decision to repeat the DPT, and describe its outcome.

Epidemiology of pediatric parapneumonic pleural effusion during 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation.

Introduction: The reported incidence of parapneumonic pleural effusion, including empyema, has shown fluctuations in the last decades. It has been related to the implementation of different types of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines.

Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed data from all 10 public hospitals in Alicante Province (Spain) covering a population of 279,000 children under 15 years of age, between 2010 and 2018.

Population-Based Cohort of Children With Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema Managed With Low Rates of Pleural Drainage.

The most appropriate treatment for parapneumonic effusion (PPE), including empyema, is controversial. We analyzed the experience of our center and the hospitals in its reference area after adopting a more conservative approach that reduced the use of chest tube pleural drainage (CTPD). Review of the clinical documentation of all PPE patients in nine hospitals from 2010 to 2018.

Isotropic/Anisotropic NMR Editing by Resolution-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy.

Modern resolution-enhanced NMR techniques can monitor the in situ discrimination of co-existing isotropic and anisotropic contributions of small molecules dissolved in weakly aligning PMMA/CDCl3 media. The simultaneous sign-sensitive determination of accurate Δδ ( H), Δδ ( C) and/or isotropic J and anisotropic T coupling constants (and consequently H- C residual dipolar couplings and H/ C residual chemical shift anisotropies) can be performed from spectral-aliased heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectra.

J-resolved HSQC: Exclusive determination of geminal proton-proton coupling constants.

The measurement of two-bond proton-proton coupling constants (J) in prochiral CH groups from the F2 dimension of 2D spectra is not easy due to the usual presence of complex multiplet J patterns, line broadening effects and strong coupling artifacts. These drawbacks are particularly pronounced and frequent in AB spin systems, as those normally exhibited by the pair of diastereotopic CH protons. Here, a novel J-resolved HSQC experiment for the exclusive and accurate determination of the magnitude of J from the doublet displayed along the highly-resolved indirect F1 dimension is described.

J NMR Profile: Identification of Key Structural Features and Functionalities by Visual Observation and Direct Measurement of One-Bond Proton-Carbon Coupling Constants.

A user-friendly NMR interface for the visual and accurate determination of experimental one-bond proton-carbon coupling constants (J) in small molecules is presented. This intuitive J profile correlates directly to δ(H), and J facilitates the rapid identification and assignment of H signals belonging to key structural elements and functional groups. Illustrative examples are provided for some target molecules, including terminal alkynes, strained rings, electronegative substituents, or lone-pair-bearing heteronuclei.

Structural discrimination from in situ measurement of D and D residual dipolar coupling constants.

A fast residual dipolar coupling constant-assisted strategy involving the simultaneous determination of scalar and total coupling constants from a single J / J -resolved NMR spectrum is reported. It is shown that the concerted use of the directly measured D (for all CH multiplicities) and D residual dipolar couplings allows an on-the-fly assignment of diastereotopic CH protons, as well as of an efficient discrimination between diastereoisomeric structures of strychnine which contains six stereocenters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Extending long-range heteronuclear NMR connectivities by HSQMBC-COSY and HSQMBC-TOCSY experiments.

The detection of long-range heteronuclear correlations presenting J(CH) coupling values smaller than 1-2Hz is a challenge in the structural analysis of small molecules and natural products. HSQMBC-COSY and HSQMBC-TOCSY pulse schemes are evaluated as complementary NMR methods to standard HMBC/HSQMBC experiments. Incorporation of an additional J(HH) transfer step in the basic HSQMBC pulse scheme can favor the sensitive observation of traditionally missing or very weak correlations and, in addition, facilitates the detection of a significant number of still longer-range connectivities to both protonated and non-protonated carbons under optimum sensitivity conditions.

Ultra high-resolution HSQC: application to the efficient and accurate measurement of heteronuclear coupling constants.

A rapid NMR data acquisition strategy in terms of enhanced resolution per time unit for the simple and efficient determination of multiple coupling constants is described. The use of (13)C spectral aliasing combined by broadband (1)H homodecoupling allows accurate measurements from ultra high resolved 2D HSQC cross-peaks.

Burden of severe 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in children in Southeast Spain.

Introduction: Most of the published studies on patients admitted with 2009 pandemic influenza are not population based. We have compiled the clinical information regarding all children admitted with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection during the season 2009-2010 in our defined population, in order to have an unbiased view of the most severe side of the clinical spectrum of the infection and to quantify its burden.

Methods: Children <15 years-old admitted to any of 3 hospitals in South-East Spain with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) detected by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Calculating the prevalence of atopy in children.

Background: Atopy is an important risk factor for asthma, rhinitis, atopic eczema and urticaria. For this reason, several studies have been done to determine the prevalence of atopy in the paediatric population. The important differences among these studies do not allow the extrapolating of results.