Improvement of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Morbidly Obese Women Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, following a Postoperative Mediterranean-like Diet.

(1) Background: Bariatric surgery has demonstrated the capacity to improve metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with morbid obesity. In addition, the Mediterranean diet contains anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic components, promoting a beneficial effect on MAFLD. This study aimed to assess the improvement of MAFLD, specifically liver steatosis, in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and following a hypocaloric Mediterranean-like diet.

Premature impairment of methylation pathway and cardiac metabolic dysfunction in fa/fa obese Zucker rats.

Increasing evidence suggests that obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which adipose tissue is involved in a network of endocrine signals to modulate energy homeostasis. These oxidative-inflammatory pathways, which are associated with cardiovascular complications, are also observed during the aging process. In this study, we investigated the interaction between aging and the development of obesity in a hyperphagic rat model.

Effect of environmental enrichment on the immunoendocrine aging of male and female triple-transgenic 3xTg-AD mice for Alzheimer's disease.

We have previously shown that 3xTgAD mice (triple-transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease, harboring PS1(M146V), AβPP(Swe), tau(P301L) transgenes) suffer detrimental changes in some key lymphocyte functions, described as health and longevity markers, with males being more affected than females and showing higher mortality rates. In the present work, 3xTgAD and wild type 129/C57BL6 male and female non- and environmentally enriched mice were used. The enriched environment (EE) began in the adulthood (6 months) and lasted for 5.

Ovariectomy causes immunosenescence and oxi-inflamm-ageing in peritoneal leukocytes of aged female mice similar to that in aged males.

Immunosenescence involves age-associated restructuring changes of innate and adaptative immune functions. We have suggested that these changes of the immune system participate in the rate of ageing through modulating oxi-inflamm-ageing. Thus, age-related changes in the immune system can be biological age markers and predictors of longevity.

Soybean and green tea polyphenols improve immune function and redox status in very old ovariectomized mice.

In previous work we have observed that ovariectomy in rodents, a good model of mimicking human ovarian hormone loss, causes premature aging of the immune system. The prooxidative and inflammatory state that underlies the aging process is the base of that premature immunosenescence. It has been found that nutritional interventions with polyphenolic antioxidants constitute a good alternative to rejuvenate age-affected immune functions.

Environmental enrichment improves age-related immune system impairment: long-term exposure since adulthood increases life span in mice.

Age-related changes in immunity have been shown to highly influence morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) (8-16 weeks) on several functions and oxidative stress parameters of peritoneal leukocytes, previously described as health and longevity markers, in mice at different ages, namely adult (44 +/- 4 weeks), old (69 +/- 4 weeks), and very old (92 +/- 4 weeks). Mortality rates were monitored in control and enriched animals, and effects on survival of long-term exposure to EE until natural death were determined.

Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 on peritoneal leukocyte populations from long-lived and non-selected old female mice.

The aim of the present study was to determine Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 membrane expression on the major peritoneal leukocyte populations throughout the aging process, including subjects that had achieved exceptional longevity. ICR (CD1) female mice of different ages: adult (44 +/- 4 weeks), old (69 +/- 4), very old (92 +/- 4) and extreme long-lived (125 +/- 4), were used. Peritoneal leukocytes were collected, and percentages of CD11b, CD11c, CD3CD4, CD3CD8 and CD19 cells present in the samples were analysed, as well as the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on them, by flow cytometry.

[Social isolation during old age worsens cognitive, behavioral and immune impairment].

Introduction: Several studies by the World Health Organization indicate that widows and widowers show lower physical and mental health indexes than the age-matched general population. In addition, widowhood and social isolation are common in the elderly, with women being more affected than men due to their longer life span. Thus, the aim of the present study was to create an animal model of solitude in old age to study the behavioral, cognitive and immunological changes induced by social isolation at this late stage of life.

Influence of aging and enriched environment on motor activity and emotional responses in mice.

We have evaluated different behavioral parameters in ICR (CD1) female mice of three different ages (38-39 weeks: mature; 62 weeks: late mature; 90 weeks: old), and addressed the effects of an enriched housing condition. We employed the following battery of tests: Holeboard, open field, elevated plus-maze (EPM), and forced swimming test (FST). The results suggest that aging process differentially affects diverse aspects of behavior.

Improvement of immune cell functions in aged mice treated for five weeks with soybean isoflavones.

Aging is associated with an impaired immune system as well as with a decline of several hormones, such as estrogens. Dietary phytoestrogens have been proposed as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. The beneficial action of soybean compounds is probably due to isoflavones, whose role as immunomodulators has been investigated with increasing interest.