High clonal diversity of ESBL-producing isolates from clinical samples in a non-outbreak situation. A cohort study.

Background: has been responsible for a large number of clonal hospital outbreaks. However, some epidemiological changes have been observed since the emergence of CTX-M enzymes in .

Aim: To analyse the transmission dynamics of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing (ESBL-Kp) in an acute care hospital.

Emerging extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-onset urinary tract infections: a case-control-control study.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and risk factors associated with community-onset urinary tract infections (CO-UTIs) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp). A cohort study including all consecutive patients with K. pneumoniae CO-UTI identified from January 2010 to December 2014 was conducted.

Relationship between consumption of MRSA-active antibiotics and burden of MRSA in acute care hospitals in Catalonia, Spain.

Objectives: To analyse the possible relationship between consumption of old and new MRSA-active antibiotics and burden of MRSA in acute care hospitals in Catalonia during the period 2007-12.

Methods: Fifty-four hospitals participating in the VINCat Programme were included. Proportion of MRSA (resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus per 100 isolates of S.

Hand contamination during routine care in medical wards: the role of hand hygiene compliance.

The hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) are the most common vehicle for the transmission of micro-organisms from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal campaign on the type and amount of resident and transient flora and the presence of potential risk factors for hand contamination during routine care. A before-after (PRE and POST periods) interventional study was carried out in medical wards of a tertiary care hospital.

Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in acute care hospitals. Results of the VINCat Program (2008-2010).

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of healthcare-related infection. Surveillance and prevention of MRSA is a priority in infection control programs. The aim of this study was to describe rates and trends of MRSA colonization or infection in 40 hospitals participating in the VINCat Program from 2008 to 2010.

Laboratory-based surveillance of hospital-acquired catheter-related bloodstream infections in Catalonia. Results of the VINCat Program (2007-2010).

The VINCat Program is an institutional surveillance program for hospital-acquired infections developed in the healthcare institutions of Catalonia, Spain. The program includes the monitoring of various components of hospital-acquired infection, among which is catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of CRBSI in hospitals participating in the VINCat Program over a period of 4 years (2007-2010).

Foodborne nosocomial outbreak of SHV1 and CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology and control.

Background: We describe a foodborne nosocomial outbreak due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods: An outbreak of ESBL K. pneumoniae was detected in March 2008.

[Changes in nosocomial infection control: new challenges and responsibilities for the infection control nurse].

The complexity of surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections has increased over the last decades, owing to reductions in the length of hospital stay, health care practice outside of the hospital (home care, day hospital care, long-term care facilities, nursing homes), the increase in the number of elderly patients, new and emerging diseases, multidrug-resistant pathogens, and the administrative requirements for accreditation. In this setting, infection control nurses are progressively assuming new responsibilities in addition to infection control, such as ensuring the safety of the patient, guaranteeing health care quality, and other tasks. In the light of these changes, professional organizations of infection control personnel have voiced the opinion that staffing for infection control work should not be based solely on the number of hospital beds, but also on the complexity of the tasks involved, which should be defined according to standardized criteria and infection control indicators.

Hospital-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia.

To assess the most relevant features of hospital-acquired pneumococcal bacteremia, all cases of pneumococcal bacteremia at a single teaching hospital that occurred during 1988-2000 were prospectively studied. During this period, 374 cases of pneumococcal bacteremia were documented; 39 (10%) of these episodes were hospital acquired. Twenty-nine (74%) cases occurred during the period of December through May.