Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) for real-time automatic quantification of filariasis in mobile microscopy.

Filariasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by roundworms, is a significant public health concern in many tropical countries. Microscopic examination of blood samples can detect and differentiate parasite species, but it is time consuming and requires expert microscopists, a resource that is not always available. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in the diagnosis of this disease by automatically detecting and differentiating microfilariae.

Evaluation of the Performance of a 3D-Printed Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool for Retinal Pathology in Mozambique.

Low-income countries carry approximately 90% of the global burden of visual impairment, and up to 80% of this could be prevented or cured. However, there are only a few studies on the prevalence of retinal disease in these countries. Easier access to retinal information would allow differential diagnosis and promote strategies to improve eye health, which are currently scarce.

Characteristics of Pediatric Emergency Department Presentations of Anaphylaxis in Spain.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the triggers of pediatric anaphylaxis in Spain and to analyze the circumstances of the episode.

Methods: Planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational multicenter study endorsed by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies including children aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with anaphylaxis in 7 Spanish pediatric emergency departments (EDs) between 2016 and 2018. We analyzed factors related to the anaphylaxis episode and its management.

Combining collective and artificial intelligence for global health diseases diagnosis using crowdsourced annotated medical images.

Visual inspection of microscopic samples is still the gold standard diagnostic methodology for many global health diseases. Soil-transmitted helminth infection affects 1.5 billion people worldwide, and is the most prevalent disease among the Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Risk Factors for Severe Anaphylaxis in Children.

Objective: To identify risk factors associated with severe anaphylaxis in children.

Study Design: We carried out a multicenter prospective observational study including children less than 18 years old diagnosed with anaphylaxis in 7 Spanish pediatric emergency departments (EDs) between May 2016 and April 2018. Children were considered to have severe anaphylaxis if they met one or more of the following criteria: requirement for 2 or more doses of epinephrine, clinically important biphasic reaction, endotracheal intubation, intensive care unit admission, and/or death.

Management of anaphylaxis in Spain: pediatric emergency care providers' knowledge.

Background: Acute care providers must diagnose and treat patients with anaphylaxis. The objective was to analyze Spanish pediatric emergency departments' (ED) providers' knowledge of the international recommendations for the management of anaphylaxis.

Methods: A web-based survey including providers (both attending and residents) from seven Spanish pediatric EDs was conducted.

Executive Summary of the Guidelines for the Use of interferon-gamma Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection.

Interferon-gamma release assays are widely used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in Spain. However, there is no consensus on their application in specific clinical scenarios. To develop a guide-line for their use, a panel of experts comprising specialists in infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, microbiology, pediatrics and preventive medicine, together with a methodologist, conducted a systematic literature search, summarized the findings, rated the quality of the evidence, and formulated recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations of Assessment Development and Evaluations methodology.

Executive summary of the guidelines for the use of interferon-γ release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.

Interferon-gamma release assays are widely used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in Spain. However, there is no consensus on their application in specific clinical scenarios. To develop a guideline for their use, a panel of experts comprising specialists in infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, microbiology, pediatrics and preventive medicine, together with a methodologist, conducted a systematic literature search, summarized the findings, rated the quality of the evidence, and formulated recommendations following the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations of Assessment Development and Evaluations) methodology.

Use of interferon-gamma release assays to calculate the annual risk of tuberculosis infection.

The objective was to assess the annual risk of tuberculosis infection by means of tuberculin skin testing (TST) in children, evaluating whether QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFN-G-IT) could improve the accuracy. On the basis of the positive TST results, the global annual incidence was estimated at 0.78%, with an increase in the prevalence from 0.