Development of a new eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted extraction method to quantify tryptophan in wild mushrooms and determination of its beneficial properties.

Bioactive compounds in food offer health benefits by influencing cellular and physiological functions. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor to neurotransmitters like melatonin and serotonin, regulates mood and circadian rhythms. However, its quantification in mushrooms is scarce studied.

Enhancing Anthocyanin Extraction from Wine Lees: A Comprehensive Ultrasound-Assisted Optimization Study.

Wine lees, an important by-product of the wine industry, pose a major environmental problem due to the enormous quantities of solid-liquid waste that are discarded annually without defined applications. In this study, the optimization of a method based on a Box-Behnken design with surface response has been carried out to obtain extracts with high anthocyanin content and potent antioxidant activity. Six variables have been considered: %EtOH, temperature, amplitude, cycle, pH, and ratio.

Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones on Primary Cilia Formation (Ciliogenesis).

Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), plant-derived metabolites with broad spectra of biological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory, hold promise for drug development. Primary cilia, organelles extending from cell surfaces, are crucial for sensing and transducing extracellular signals essential for cell differentiation and proliferation. Their life cycle is linked to the cell cycle, as cilia assemble in non-dividing cells of G/G phases and disassemble before entering mitosis.

Determination of Caffeoylquinic Acids Content by UHPLC in Extracts Obtained through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction.

L., also known as golden thistle, Spanish oyster thistle or, more commonly, as tagarnina is a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is collected from the wild for human consumption in Mediterranean countries.

Role of adaptive leadership in learning organizations to boost organizational innovations with change self-efficacy.

Unlabelled: The present study investigates the direct impact of learning organizations on organizational innovations and investigates the mediating mechanism of change self-efficacy between learning organizations and organizational innovations. Furthermore, this study proposes adaptive leadership as a moderator between learning organizations, change self-efficacy, and organizational innovations. Three hundred seventy-three permanent employees from the pharmaceutical industry voluntarily participated.

Biological Activity of Naphthoquinones Derivatives in the Search of Anticancer Lead Compounds.

Naphthoquinones are a valuable source of secondary metabolites that are well known for their dye properties since ancient times. A wide range of biological activities have been described highlighting their cytotoxic activity, gaining the attention of researchers in recent years. In addition, it is also worth mentioning that many anticancer drugs possess a naphthoquinone backbone in their structure.

On the formulation of disulfide herbicides based on aminophenoxazinones: polymeric nanoparticle formulation and cyclodextrin complexation to combat crop yield losses.

Background: The resistance of weeds to herbicides is a significant issue in ensuring future food supply. Specific examples are Plantago lanceolata, Portulaca oleracea and Lolium rigidum, which mainly infect rice, wheat, barley and pastures, and cause high yield losses every year. In this regard, natural products and their mimics have provided new hope as a result of their different modes-of-action, activity at low concentrations and reduced pollution effects relative to conventional herbicides.

In Silico Evaluation of Sesquiterpenes and Benzoxazinoids Phytotoxins against M, RNA Replicase and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Dynamics. Inspired by Nature.

In the work described here, a number of sesquiterpenes and benzoxazinoids from natural sources, along with their easily accessible derivatives, were evaluated against the main protease, RNA replicase and spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking. These natural products and their derivatives have previously shown remarkable antiviral activities. The most relevant compounds were the 4-fluoro derivatives of santamarine, reynosin and 2-amino-3-phenoxazin-3-one in terms of the docking score.

Preparation and Phytotoxicity Evaluation of 11,13-Dehydro -Guaianolides.

11,13-Dehydro -guaianolides, a particular type of sesquiterpene lactones, were synthesized from the commercially available α-santonin () using a facile strategy involving a high-yielding photochemical reaction. Natural products and from were synthesized in good yields. Specifically, compound was obtained in five steps with an overall yield of 17%.

Structure-activity relationship studies on naphthoquinone analogs. The search for new herbicides based on natural products.

Background: Allelopathy and bioassays constitute fundamental tools in the search for new herbicide templates. The work described here is a continuation of a previous study focused on the structure-activity relationships between transport phenomena and phytotoxic activity. Different modifications were made to the naphthoquinone backbone and two key factors were identified as being responsible for changes in activity: lipophilicity and the nature of the functional group.

Resistance modulatory and efflux-inhibitory activities of capsaicinoids and capsinoids.

Capsaicinoids are reported to have a bunch of promising pharmacological activities, among them antibacterial effects against various strains of bacteria. In this study the effect on efflux pumps of mycobacteria was investigated. The importance of efflux pumps, and the inhibition of these, is rising due to their involvement in antibiotic resistance development.

Qualitative Study on the Production of the Allelochemicals Benzoxazinones by Inducing Polyploidy in Gramineae with Colchicine.

The possibility of inducing polyploidy in grasses by treatment with colchicine and its effect on the production and root exudate content of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2 H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-2 H-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) was studied in wheat, corn, and rye. Caryopses treated with colchicine at concentrations in the range of 0.1-10 mg/mL for 8 and 48 h and with inoculation of the growth medium are markedly affected in terms of both the distribution and concentration levels of allelochemicals in plants.

Influence of lipophilicity in O-acyl and O-alkyl derivatives of juglone and lawsone: a structure-activity relationship study in the search for natural herbicide models.

Background: Naphthoquinones are known for their broad range of biological activities. Given the increasing demands of consumers in relation to food quality and growing concerns about the impact of synthetic herbicides, it is necessary to search for new agrochemicals. Natural products and allelopathy provide new alternatives for the development of pesticides with lower toxicity and greater environmental compatibility.

Chemical evidence for the effect of Urochloa ruziziensis on glyphosate-resistant soybeans.

Background: Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oleaginous legume that has been cultivated in new areas in Brazil, including pastures. Problems of reduced production yields have been reported by soybean growers when the crop is sown immediately after desiccation of pastures of Urochloa spp. using glyphosate.

Evidence for an allelopathic interaction between rye and wild oats.

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon in which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. Allelopathy has been the subject of a great deal of research in chemical ecology since the 1930s. The characterization of the factors that influence this phenomenon has barely been explored, mainly due to the complexity of this area.

Synthesis of bioactive speciosins G and P from Hexagonia speciosa.

The first total synthesis of speciosins P and G, previously isolated from Hexagonia speciosa, is reported. These compounds have been synthesized by Sonogashira coupling from readily available starting materials. Siccayne was also synthesized from the same starting material in two steps along with a number of other derivatives.

Structure-activity relationship studies of the phytotoxic properties of the diterpenic moiety of breviones.

Background: Brevianes are a family of bioactive meroterpenoids originally described in fungi of the family Penicillium. These compounds have attracted a great deal of interest not only because of their unusual skeleton, suggesting a mixed mevalonate and polyketide biogenetic pathway, and their unusual oxa-spiro ring fused to an α-pyrone, but also because of the bioactivities shown by many members of this family.

Results: During the course of a project aimed at the total synthesis of natural breviones A to E, the authors were able to synthesise the diterpenic moiety of brevianes and abeo-brevianes.

Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli and Triticum aestivum-Avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads.

Background: Fifteen novel derivatives of D-DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C-2 and N-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli and Triticum aestivum-Avena fatua is reported here.

Combined strategy for phytotoxicity enhancement of benzoxazinones.

Fifteen new derivatives of D-DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C-2 and N-4, were synthesized and their phytotoxicity, selectivity, and structure-activity relationships evaluated. The most active compounds among the derivatives at the C-2 position were 6-Cl-2-Et-D-DIBOA and 6-F-2-Et-D-DIBOA. Of the derivatives at N-4, the most active compounds were 6-Cl-4-Pr-D-DIBOA and 6-Cl-4-Val-D-DIBOA.

Aneugenic effects of benzoxazinones in cultured human cells.

Benzoxazinones (BAs) are natural products that are present in Gramineae and represent part of the plant defence system against pests. In recent years, sprouts of maize, wheat and rye have been used for the production of dietary supplements. We have investigated the potential genotoxic activities of a diverse range of synthetic derivatives of the most abundant natural BA, namely DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), proposed for use as a potential herbicide.

Aromatic-ring-functionalised benzoxazinones in the system Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli as biorational herbicide models.

Background: Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., is one of the most problematic weeds occurring in rice crops.

Modified benzoxazinones in the system Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli: an approach to the development of biorational herbicide models.

The utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been explored. The work described focuses on obtaining derivatives that present selectivity in the system Oryza sativa- Echinochloa crus-galli. To achieve this goal the influence of lipophilicity in this system has been studied by preparing 14 ester derivatives at the N-4 position of D-DIBOA along with other compounds with different functionalization and chain lengths at position C-2.

New herbicide models from benzoxazinones: aromatic ring functionalization effects.

The utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been widely discussed. As the benzoxazinone skeleton contains three different potential areas for functionalization (C-2, N-4, and aromatic protons H-5, H-6, H-7, and H-8), and the first two have already been optimized, the main objective of this work was the substitution of aromatic protons for different substituent types and the study of the effects of the prepared chemicals on selected standard target species (STS) and weeds. Thus, different combinations of aromatic substituents, including methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, fluorine, chlorine, and trifluoromethyl, were introduced at different positions.

Bioactive steroids from Oryza sativa L.

Rice is one of the most interesting crops in the world from both the social and the economic point of views. The monoculture practices along with the heavy use of herbicides are characteristic of modern agriculture and are inducing the appearance of tolerant and/or herbicide resistant weed biotypes. This is the case the world's main weed of rice barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli).

Structure-activity relationship studies of benzoxazinones and related compounds. Phytotoxicity on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

Echinochloa crus-galli (E. crus-galli; barnyardgrass) is a weed widely distributed. It constitutes a serious weed problem in 42 countries and has been found in at least 27 more.