Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subgroups in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis with Medium Cutoff Membranes and High-Flux Membranes: THE SHE Continuation Study.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health burden, with increasing prevalence and high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). While traditional risk factors contribute, the exact mechanisms remain elusive, with inflammation playing a pivotal role. Medium cutoff (MCO) membranes offer promise in improving dialysis outcomes by efficiently clearing uremic toxins without substantial albumin loss.

A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water.

Increasing serum osmolality has recently been linked with acute stress responses, which over time can lead to increased risk for obesity, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Salt and fructose are two major stimuli that can induce acute changes in serum osmolality. Here we investigate the early metabolic effects of sodium and fructose consumption and determine whether the effects of sodium or fructose loading can be mitigated by blocking the change in osmolality with hydration.

Determinants of non-diabetic kidney diseases in type 2 diabetic patients: Twenty years of single center experience.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications associated with diabetes. However, non-diabetic kidney disease has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes at varying incidence rates. The objective of our study is to investigate the occurrence, clinicopathological characteristics, and inflammatory markers linked to diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy (NDN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Kidney and liver fat accumulation: from imaging to clinical consequences.

Background: Recent studies indicate that accumulation of adipose tissue in various organs such as liver and kidney may contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We aim to investigate the association between kidney and liver adipose tissue accumulation, assessed by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction technique, along with its relation to clinical and biochemical parameters.

Methods: We included 51 volunteers with phenotypical features of metabolic syndrome (mean age = 34 years, mean body-mass index = 26.

A potential approach toward the management of sepsis: The extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapy.

Infectious diseases are among the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients while systemic inflammatory response syndrome is primarily attributed to the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the improvements in the antibiotherapy alternatives and diagnostic modalities, the morbidity and mortality rates of sepsis and septic shock are relatively high among patients admitted to the intensive care units. Extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapies are therapeutic approaches for such patient group with promising early results that especially have grown during COVID-19 pandemic.

Pancreatic steatosis is an independent risk factor for post-transplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant patients.

Background And Aim: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant cardiovascular diseases, and several risk factors of PTDM have been shown in the literature. Yet, the relationship between hepatic and pancreatic steatosis with post-transplant diabetes mellitus remains vague. We aimed to evaluate pancreatic steatosis, a novel component of metabolic syndrome, and hepatic steatosis association with post-transplant diabetes mellitus in a single-center retrospective cohort study conducted on kidney transplant recipients.

Trimethylamine N-oxide and kidney diseases: what do we know?

In the human gut, there is a metabolically active microbiome whose metabolic products reach various organs and are used in the physiological activities of the body. When dysbiosis of intestinal microbial homeostasis occurs, pathogenic metabolites may increase and one of them is trimethyl amine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic heart diseases, and cerebrovascular events.

A novel risk factor for malignancy: Albuminuria.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death among the adult population following cardiovascular diseases. Prevention and earlier diagnosis are among the cornerstones in the management of malignancies. Albuminuria is a diagnostic criterion for chronic kidney disease and has been associated with multiple conditions including cardiovascular diseases and systemic inflammation while the association between albuminuria and malignancy has been inadequately addressed.

The association between acute kidney injury and outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that have changed the landscape of cancer therapy but also have some considerable drawbacks. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of these potential complications that may have effects on patient outcomes. In this review, we assessed the effect of AKI on mortality outcomes in cancer patients receiving this immunotherapy.

Dietary protein and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: new insights.

Purpose Of Review: Muscle wasting is an important health problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Protein restriction in the diet can be one of the main causes of muscle wasting in this population. In this review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein intake and muscle wasting in CKD patients according to recent literature.

The Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Kidney Disease.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and fission processes leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, release of cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA resulting in apoptosis, mitophagy, and defects in energy metabolism are the key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. Currently, various strategies target the mitochondria to improve kidney function and kidney treatment.

Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A 5-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study.

Objectives: In addition to an increase in the prevalence of dialysis treatments for end-stage renal disease worldwide, the mortality rates among patients on maintenance hemodialysis remain higher than that of the general population. This study aims to evaluate factors associated with long-term survival in stable maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Methods: A total of 100 patients initiating hemodialysis by February 2013 were included in this prospective cross-sectional 5-year follow-up study.

Immune checkpoints inhibitors and its link to acute kidney injury and renal prognosis.

Background: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and their use is increasing.

Materials And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients receiving ICPi drugs for solid organ malignancies. ICPi-related AKI, the need for renal replacement therapy during or following ICPi treatment, and the associated mortality was studied.

Abdominal compartment syndrome: an often overlooked cause of acute kidney injury.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as any organ dysfunction caused by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), referred as intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) ≥ 12 mm Hg according to the World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Abdominal compartment syndrome develops in most cases when IAP rises above 20 mmHg. Abdominal compartment syndrome, while being a treatable and even preventable condition if detected early in the stage of intra-abdominal hypertension, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality if diagnosis is delayed: therefore, early detection is essential.

Effects of hormonal changes on sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: where are we now and what can we do?

Sarcopenia or muscle wasting is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving the accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, often associated with muscle weakness (dynapenia) and frailty. Whereas primary sarcopenia is related to ageing, secondary sarcopenia happens independent of age in the context of chronic disease states such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sarcopenia has become a major focus of research and public policy debate due to its impact on patient's health-related quality of life, health-care expenditure, morbidity, and mortality.

Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors on the Course of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been an ongoing pandemic since December 2019. Unfortunately, kidney transplant recipients are a high-risk group during the disease course, and scientific data are still limited in this patient group. Beyond the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs, pharmacological immunosuppression may also alter the infection response in the COVID-19 course.

Comparison of lung ultrasound and other volumetric methods in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Although many alternative methods are present, maintaining ideal volume status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients still rely on clinical evaluation due to lack of an evidence-based method. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a new method for evaluation of hidden congestion in this group.LUS findings and its relationship with other volumetric methods are investigated in this observational cross-sectional study.

Frequency of depressive symptoms in Syrian refugees and Turkish maintenance hemodialysis patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Pneumonia of unknown cause was detected on 30 December 2019 in China. It was categorized as an outbreak and named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. The pandemic affects all people, but patient groups such as hemodialysis (HD) patients have been particularly affected.

Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3-5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking.

Pentraxin-2 is Associated with Renal Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Renal Biopsy.

Objectives: Progressive renal disease is characterized by histological changes in the kidney and fibrosis is a common outcome. Renal biopsy is the only diagnostic tool to evaluate these histopathological changes. Pentraxin-2 (PTX-2) is an anti-inflammatory constitutive plasma protein associated with the innate immune system.

Unexpectedly High Prevalence of Low Alpha-Galactosidase A Enzyme Activity in Patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.

Objectives: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare disease associated with sphingolipid accumulation. Sphingolipids are components of plasma membranes that are important in podocyte function and accumulate in various glomerular diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Both FD and FSGS can cause podocyte damage and are classified as podocytopathies.