Extracting adverse drug events from clinical Notes: A systematic review of approaches used.

Background: An adverse drug event (ADE) is any unfavorable effect that occurs due to the use of a drug. Extracting ADEs from unstructured clinical notes is essential to biomedical text extraction research because it helps with pharmacovigilance and patient medication studies.

Objective: From the considerable amount of clinical narrative text, natural language processing (NLP) researchers have developed methods for extracting ADEs and their related attributes.

Latent based temporal optimization approach for improving the performance of collaborative filtering.

Recommendation systems suggest peculiar products to customers based on their past ratings, preferences, and interests. These systems typically utilize collaborative filtering (CF) to analyze customers' ratings for products within the rating matrix. CF suffers from the sparsity problem because a large number of rating grades are not accurately determined.