Mid-calf level as a puncture site is not safe enough for thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein.

Background: Endovenous thermal ablation of the small saphenous vein carries a risk for sural nerve injury. Ablation above mid-calf level is recommended to avoid it. However, this strategy could not eradicate this complication.

Effect of ketamine versus alfentanil following midazolam in preventing emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane anaesthesia: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of intranasal ketamine versus alfentanil in addition to oral midazolam for the prevention of emergence agitation in children.

Methods: Children undergoing urological surgery with sevoflurane anaesthesia received oral midazolam 40 min before induction and were then randomly assigned to receive 2 mg/kg ketamine, 10 µg/kg alfentanil or 1 ml isotonic saline intranasally. Parental separation status and mask acceptance were assessed preoperatively.

The Comparison of Pressure (PSV) and Volume Support Ventilation (VSV) as a 'Weaning' Mode.

Objective: The purpose of our study is to compare two different ventilation modes-pressure support ventilation (PSV) and volume support ventilation (VSV)-as the means of weaning.

Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomized in to two groups.