Examination of the antiallodynic effect of rosmarinic acid in neuropathic pain and possible mechanisms of action.

This study aimed to explore the potential antiallodynic effects of rosmarinic acid, a natural antioxidant with a demonstrated safety profile across a broad dose range. Using a chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain model, the impact of rosmarinic acid on allodynia was investigated. Furthermore, the involvement of adrenergic and opioidergic mechanisms in its activity was assessed.

The effect of protocatechuic acid on neuropathic pain and possible mechanism.

Objectives: The goal of the research is to investigate the protocatechuic acid (PCA) potential action, a phenolic acid derivative, on pain induced by neuropathy and to determine its efficacy on activation of K type channels and A receptors.

Materials And Methods: Neuropathic pain by cause of sciatic nerve damage was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects were evaluated with von Frey apparatus and Hargreave's plantar test apparatus, respectively.

The anxiolytic effect of perampanel and possible mechanisms mediating its anxiolytic effect in mice.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiolytic activity of perampanel, a non-competitive antagonist of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors, which is approved for partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy, and its mechanism of action.

Main Methods: The anxiolytic activity of perampanel at the doses of 0.25, 0.

Review: The nicotinic modulation of pain.

Pain is a physiological unpleasant sensation that associated with actual or potential tissue damage and affects the major part of human population. Numerous modulatory system control pain through a complex process. The drugs that regulate the modulators involving in this process are currently available; however, the studies to understand the process and develop new agents are still going on.

Evaluation of wound healing effect of chitosan-based gel formulation containing vitexin.

Acute or chronic wounds are one of the most common health problems worldwide and medicinal drugs or traditional remedies are often used in wound healing. Further studies regarding wound treatment are rapidly continuing. Vitexin is a phenolic compound, which is found in many medicinal plants, has different pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant.

Cannabinoid system involves in the analgesic effect of protocatechuic acid.

Background: Protocatechuic acid is an antioxidant which is shown to have analgesic activity in limited studies. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Objectives: It is aimed to investigate the possible contribution of cannabinoid system that supresses the nociceptive process by the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors in central and peripheral levels of pain pathways, to the analgesic activity of protocatechuic acid.

The possible mechanisms of protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia.

It is aimed to investigate the central antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid and the involvement of stimulation of opioidergic, serotonin 5-HT, α2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia in mice. Time-dependent antinociceptive effects of protocatechuic acid at the oral doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg were tested in hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response) and tail-immersion (spinal reflex) tests in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of action; the mice administered 300 mg/kg protocatechuic acid (p.

Valnoctamide: The effect on relieving of neuropathic pain and possible mechanisms.

The purpose of this study is to assess the possible anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic effect of valnoctamide, an amide derivative of valproic acid, at the doses of 40, 70 and 100 mg/kg (i.p.) in neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury in rats, by using dynamic plantar test and plantar test (Hargreaves method), and to evaluate that the possible role of certain serotonin, noradrenergic, opioid and GABAergic receptors by pre-treatment with 1 mg/kg (i.

The imidazoline receptors and ligands in pain modulation.

Pain is an unpleasant experience and effects daily routine negatively. Although there are various drugs, many of them are not entirely successful in relieving pain, since pain modulation is a complex process involving numerous mediators and receptors. Therefore, it is a rational approach to identify the factors involved in the complex process and develop new agents that act on these pain producing mechanisms.

Evaluation of the antithrombotic effects of Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus davisii in the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model.

Context: Crataegus species are widely used as herbal medicines for preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there are no studies on the effects of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) and C.

Zonisamide: Antihyperalgesic efficacy, the role of serotonergic receptors on efficacy in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide (25 and 50 mg/kg), an antiepileptic drug, on the early and late phases of neuropathy and to investigate the role of serotonergic descending inhibitory pain pathways in antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide in the streptozotocin-induced rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy.

Main Methods: The hot-plate and tail-immersion, to determine thermal thresholds, and paw pressure withdrawal tests, to determine mechanical thresholds, were performed as hyperalgesia tests. To investigate the role of serotonergic pathway, 1 mg/kg ketanserin (5-HT(2A/2C) antagonist) and ondansetron (serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist) were used.

Investigation for anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities of methanol extract of Capparis ovata buds and fruits.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. has wide natural distribution in Turkey and it is consumed in pickled form. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used traditionally due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-rheumatismal, tonic, and diuretic effects.

Effect of phenolic acids on functions of rat aorta, vas deferens and on metabolic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic metabolic and smooth muscle (SM) complications in rats.

Materials And Methods: Threeweeks after STZ injection (i.v.

Antithrombotic effects of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis in the carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model.

Introduction: Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanidins, and organic acids as main constituents, used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the main causes of multiple cardiovascular diseases is intravascular thrombosis and current agents, which are used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, have some side effects. Therefore, new antithrombotic and thrombolytic agents are still needed.

Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Capparis ovata in mice.

Context: Capparis ovata Desf. (Capparaceae) grows widely in Turkey. Flower buds and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine for their analgesic, antirheumatismal, and diuretic effects.

Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of fruits of Capparis ovata in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. have wide natural distribution in Turkey and they are consumed in pickled form.