The spoken knowledge of low literacy in patients with diabetes.

Aim: This research was planned descriptively and analytically to determine the diabetes knowledge of patients with low level of education diabetes.

Methods: This study has been performed with 200 patients diagnosed with diabetes at least 3 months ago who were able to communicate, volunteered to participate in the study, had less than highschool education, and were at least 18 years of age. Data were collected through questionnaire and SKILLD (Individual Knowledge Scale), and is evaluated using ANOVA, chi-square and t-test.

Monitoring of population shifts in an enriched nitrifying system under gradually increased cadmium loading.

The changes in nitrifying bacterial population under cadmium loading were monitored and evaluated in a laboratory scale continuous-flow enriched nitrification system. For this purpose, the following molecular microbiological methods were used: slot-blot hybridization, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), real-time PCR followed by melting curve analysis, cloning and sequence analysis. The initial cadmium concentration was incrementally increased from 1 to 10mg/l which led to a drop in ammonia removal efficiency from 99 to 10%.

Effects of insufficient air injection on methanogenic Archaea in landfill bioreactor.

In this study, methanogenic Archaea diversity in an aerated landfill bioreactor filled with co-disposed incineration bottom ashes and shredded incombustible wastes was monitored and analyzed as a function of time using molecular techniques. Besides, the effects of insufficient air injection on the bioreactor performance and methanogenic diversity were evaluated thoroughly. Results indicated that rapid bio-stabilization of solid waste are possible with aerated landfill bioreactor at various oxygen and oxidation reduction potential levels.