Effect of recirculation and hydraulic loading rate on ammonium and phosphate recovery from fertilizer industry wastewater.

This study aimed to determine the optimum recirculation ratio and hydraulic loading rate for the recovery process of ammonium and phosphate, and study the formation, morphology, and structure of struvite crystals. This study provides a crystallization method to treat fertilizer wastewater using a continuous system and recirculation, including a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Ammonium and phosphate were recovered from fertilizer industry wastewater using a continuous FBR under different recirculation ratios (3, 6, and 9) and loading rates (0.

A comprehensive review of domestic-open waste burning: recent trends, methodology comparison, and factors assessment.

Unlabelled: Open burning is a waste management practice performed by many people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Lack of detailed data of open burning practices may lead to a misinterpretation during data analysis, especially when estimating global/local emissions and assessing risks. This study presents a comprehensive review of current research trends, methodological assessments, and factors behind open waste burning practices from published literature.