Retinal Layer and Choroidal Changes in Deep and Scuba Divers: Evidence of Pachychoroid Spectrum-Like Findings.

Diving is an intense physical activity under hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of diving on the thicknesses of retinal layers and retinal anatomy in professional deep and scuba divers. The study included 52 eyes of deep divers who dive to depths of more than 130 feet (ft), 49 eyes of scuba divers who dive up to 130 ft, and 66 eyes of the control group, consisting of nondiving but regularly exercising males.

Regional Analysis of Inner Retinal Layer Changes in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Optic Neuritis.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate inner retinal changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by comparing them with healthy controls. The study also aimed to assess regional differences of inner retinal layer involvement in eyes with and without optic neuritis (ON).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study consisted of 141 eyes of 74 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 80 eyes of 40 healthy controls.

Electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the healthy retina.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on the retina after ten sessions in healthy eyes.

Methods: This prospective, interventional study evaluated forty eyes of twenty patients who were treated with HBOT of ten sessions with the diagnosis of an extraocular health problem. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including assessments of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp and pupil-dilated fundus examinations, full-field electroretinography (ffERG) measurements before and after HBOT within 24 h of the 10th session.

Electrophysiological and anatomical outcomes of subthreshold micropulse laser therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: To evaluate short-term efficacy of subthreshold micropulse laser therapy on chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) electrophysiologically and anatomically.

Methods: This prospective study included 18 eyes with chronic CSC. Subthreshold micropulse laser therapy was applied to the eyes using Endpoint Management System (EpM).

Anatomical effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections on inner layers of the lesion-free retina.

Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the inner retinal layer anatomy of the lesion-free retina in eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The secondary aim was to compare the changes of inner retinal layers in the lesion-free region of treated eyes with the same region of the untreated, fellow eyes and, thus, to elucidate any adverse effect of anti-VEGF treatments independently of 1-year aging changes.

Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal, case-control study of 50 eyes of 25 patients.

Diaphragmatic muscle thickness and diaphragmatic function are reduced in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to those with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infections, as well as a rare condition known as shrinking lung syndrome (SLS). The diaphragm has an important role to play in lung physiology and might also play a role in these adverse events. Here, we aimed to investigate whether SLE patients have impairment in their diaphragmatic muscle thickness and function with respect to another connective-tissue disease: primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Interobserver variability and stiffness measurements of normal common extensor tendon in healthy volunteers using shear wave elastography.

Objectives: The purposes of our study are to determine the quantitative elasticity values of normal common extensor tendon (CET) and to assess the interobserver variability of stiffness measurements using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 CETs of 30 (15 female, 15 male, mean age 30.2 years) healthy volunteers without any symptoms of lateral epicondylitis were examined by two radiologists.