Change in kidney volume after kidney transplantation in patients with autosomal polycystic kidney disease.

Background: The indication to bilateral nephrectomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney scheduled for kidney transplantation is controversial. Indeed, the progressive enlargement of cysts may increase the risk of complications and the need for nephrectomy. However, very few studies investigated the change in kidney volume after kidney transplantation.

Diffusion-MR in kidney transplant recipients: is diuretic stimulation a useful diagnostic tool for improving differentiation between functioning and non-functioning kidneys?

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of diuretic stimulation on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) techniques in transplanted kidneys.

Methods: 33 transplanted kidney recipients underwent DWI and DTI sequences before and after furosemide. Cortical and medullary Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values were calculated in transplanted kidneys.

Simultaneous Native Nephrectomy and Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy with kidney transplantation and to determine the effect of this procedure on perioperative morbidity and mortality and graft and patient survival.

Methods: Between January 2000 and May 2015, 145 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) underwent kidney transplantation. Of those, 40 (27.

Kidney Transplantation From Donors with Hepatitis B.

The growing demand for organ donors to supply the increasing number of patients on kidney waiting lists has led most transplant centers to develop protocols that allow safe use of organs from donors with special clinical situations previously regarded as contraindications. Deceased donors with previous hepatitis B may be a safe resource to increase the donor pool even if there is still controversy among transplantation centers regarding the use of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive donors for renal transplantation. However, when allocated to serology-matched recipients, kidney transplantation from donors with hepatitis B may result in excellent short-term outcome.

First Case Report of Acute Renal Failure After Mesh-Plug Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.

Acute renal failure due to ureter compression after a mesh-plug inguinal repair in a kidney transplant recipient has not been previously reported to our knowledge. A 62-year-old man, who successfully underwent kidney transplantation from a deceased donor 6 years earlier, was admitted for elective repair of a direct inguinal hernia. The patient underwent an open mesh-plug repair of the inguinal hernia with placement of a plug in the preperitoneal space.

Diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of transplanted kidneys.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between renal indexes and functional MRI in a population of kidney transplant recipients who underwent MR with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the transplanted graft.

Method: Study population included 40 patients with single kidney transplant. The patients were divided into 3 groups, on the basis of creatinine clearance (CrCl) values calculated using Cockcroft-Gault formula: group A, including patients with normal renal function (CrCl ≥ 60 mL/min); group B, which refers to patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl > 30 but <60 mL/min); and, finally, group C, which means severe renal deterioration (CrCl ≤ 30 mL/min).

Kidney transplantation from donors with hepatitis C infection.

The increasing demand for organ donors to supply the increasing number of patients on kidney waiting lists has led to most transplant centers developing protocols that allow safe utilization from donors with special clinical situations which previously were regarded as contraindications. Deceased donors with previous hepatitis C infection may represent a safe resource to expand the donor pool. When allocated to serology-matched recipients, kidney transplantation from donors with hepatitis C may result in an excellent short-term outcome and a significant reduction of time on the waiting list.

Nutrition in kidney transplantation.

Organ transplantation has progressively established itself as the preferred therapy for many end-stage organ failures. However, many of these chronic diseases and their treatments can negatively affect nutritional status, leading to malnutrition and mineral deficiencies.Nutritional status is an important determinant of the clinical outcome of kidney transplant recipients.

Conversion to sirolimus therapy in kidney transplant recipients with new onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation.

New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) may complicate 2-50% of kidney transplantation, and it is associated with reduced graft and patient survivals. In this retrospective study, we applied a conversion protocol to sirolimus in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients with NODAT. Among 344 kidney transplant recipients, 29 patients developed a NODAT (6.

Primary balloon angioplasty of small (≤2 mm) cephalic veins improves primary patency of arteriovenous fistulae and decreases reintervention rates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of primary balloon angioplasty (PBA) of cephalic veins with diameter≤2 mm on patency and maturation time of autogenous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis.

Methods: Forty patients, all candidates for distal AVF, with a cephalic vein≤2 mm, were randomized to two different surgical procedures: (1) PBA of a long segment of the cephalic vein from the wrist up to the elbow (n=19); and (2) hydrostatic dilatation (HD) of a short venous segment (5 cm) at the level of the anastomosis (n=21). PBA was performed using a standard balloon 4×150 mm.