Structural segregation in GSR from mercuric primers. A preliminary study.

Since the second half of the XX century, primer mixtures based on mercury fulminate have become a rare occurrence on small ammunition markets in Western Europe and North America. As a consequence, Hg-containing gunshot residue (GSR) particles have not been as deeply investigated as residues from lead-based primer mixtures. As a matter of fact, no mention of GSR particles from mercuric primers is made by the current ASTM standard procedure for gunshot residue analysis.

Long-COVID in children: An exploratory case-control study from a bio-psycho-social perspective.

Objective: This study aimed to determine psychosocial differences between children with Long-COVID Syndrome (LCS) and two control groups (i.e., children who did not have COVID-19 and children who had previously had COVID-19 but did not develop LCS) from a bio-psycho-social and psychosomatic perspective.

Semi-computational approach for assessing the damage to human soft tissues: the case of FMJRN versus HP-XTP 9 mm bullet penetration in ballistic soap.

Ballistic soap blocks are used in wound ballistics to assess the potential damage of the ammunition employed, allowing observation of the energy transfer occurred along the wound channel. The density and viscosity of ballistic soap (also called tissue simulant) simulate, to a good degree of approximation, the effect resulting from the interaction of penetrating bullets with living human soft tissue. Ballistic soap has a "plastic reaction" to bullet penetration, and therefore, unlike ballistic gelatin, the expansion of temporary cavity remains imprinted in the tissue simulant.

Acute kidney injury in infants hospitalized for viral bronchiolitis.

Unlabelled: We investigated prevalence of and factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in a group of patients hospitalized with viral bronchiolitis. We retrospectively enrolled 139 children (mean age = 3.2 ± 2.

Clinical Presentation and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Compared to Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Viral Respiratory Infections in Children Less than Two Years of Age.

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the implementation of restrictive measures led to a dramatic reduction in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurrence together with rare and mild bronchiolitis induced by SARS-CoV-2. We described the respiratory picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluated the frequency and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 bronchiolitis comparing it with other respiratory viral infections in children less than two years of age. The severity of respiratory involvement was evaluated based on the need for oxygen therapy, intravenous hydration, and the length of hospital stay.

Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Permanent Hearing Impairment.

Permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) represents the most frequent sensory pathology at birth. PCHI has a relevant psychological impact on the life of both the affected children and their families. Thus, the aim of this work is to explore the degree of parental distress felt by mothers of a deaf or hard-of-hearing child, to determine if this stress is associated with variables related to the children's health (e.

Diarrhea Is a Hallmark of Inflammation in Pediatric COVID-19.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogen with enteric tropism. We compared the clinical, biochemical and radiological features of children hospitalized for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, classified in two groups based on the presence of diarrhea. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the variables associated with diarrhea.

Rotavirus immunisation status affects the efficacy of GG for the treatment of children with acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis.

The efficacy of GG (LGG) for the treatment of children with acute gastroenteritis has been debated based on most recent evidence. Previous evidence demonstrated that LGG mainly benefits children with Rotavirus infection compared to other aetiologies. However, Rotavirus immunisation (RVI) has been implemented worldwide since 2006.

GG Counteracts Rotavirus-Induced Ion Secretion and Enterocyte Damage by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Through Specific Effects of Living and Postbiotic Preparations.

Background: Administration of GG (LGG) to children with gastroenteritis is recommended by universal guidelines. Rotavirus (RV) causes diarrhea through combined cytotoxic and enterotoxic effects. Aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of efficacy of LGG in an model of RV diarrhea in its viable form (LGG) and conditioned medium (mLGG).

Association between Coagulation Profile and Clinical Outcome in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or MIS-C: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Limited data on the coagulation profile in children affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection are available. We aimed to evaluate the role of d-dimers as predictors of poor outcomes in a pediatric population affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). We performed a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study.

Heart rate cut-offs to identify non-febrile children with dehydration and acute kidney injury.

We hypothesized that the heart rate (HR) variation in an acute setting compared with HR in wellbeing status could be a good marker of both dehydration and acute kidney injury (AKI). Since HR in wellbeing status is unknown in most cases, we assumed as reliable surrogate the 50th percentile of HR according to age and gender. We evaluated if the estimated percentage of heart rate variation in acute setting compared with 50th percentile of HR (EHRV) could be marker of dehydration and AKI in children.

No Spread of SARS-CoV-2 From Infected Symptomatic Children to Parents: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Controlled Hospital Setting.

The transmission rates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from children to adults are unclear due to a lack of controlled conditions. We investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among 12 discordant child-parent pairs in our ward. In each hospital isolation room, caregivers and children lived in close contact during the entire hospitalization period.

Molybdenum in Gunshot Residue: Experimental Evidences and Detection Challenges in the Presence of Lead and Sulfur.

Inorganic gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is carried out by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) in many forensic laboratories. Characteristic GSR often consists of lead–barium–antimony, commonly associated with sulfur. The strength of forensic GSR evidence increases when unusual elements are found in residues collected both from the suspect and from the discharged firearm.

Acute kidney injury in children hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) enhances the risk of later chronic kidney disease. Significant prevalence of AKI is reported in adults with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated prevalence of and prognostic factors for AKI in children hospitalized for CAP.

Acute kidney injury in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: prevalence and risk factors.

Background: We aimed to evaluate prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its risk factors in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) to identify early predictors of AKI.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical and biochemical data of 114 children (57.9% male; mean age 2.

Examination of firearm gunpowders by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

The surfaces of thirty-one gunpowders (GPs) from Winchester, Federal, Hercules, DuPont, and Remington were examined by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Particles and surface coatings on 22 of the GPs had compositions of sulfur/potassium/barium or sulfur/potassium detected. Primer-like particles composed of lead/antimony/barium were found on surfaces of twelve GPs.

Estimating Energy Dissipation Rate from Breaking Waves Using Polarimetric SAR Images.

The total energy dissipation rate on the ocean surface, ϵt (W m-2), provides a first-order estimation of the kinetic energy input rate at the ocean-atmosphere interface. Studies on the spatial and temporal distribution of the energy dissipation rate are important for the improvement of climate and wave models. Traditional oceanographic research normally uses remote measurements (airborne and platforms sensors) and in situ data acquisition to estimate ϵt; however, those methods cover small areas over time and are difficult to reproduce especially in the open oceans.

Enhancing the care of children with chronic diseases through the narratives of patient, physician, nurse and carer.

We tested the hypothesis that a narrative approach may enhance a bio-psycho-social model (BPS) in caring for chronically ill children. Forty-eight narratives were collected from 12 children with six different medical conditions, their mothers, physicians, and nurses. By a textual analysis, narratives were classified on their predominant focus as disease (biological focus), illness (psychologic focus), or sickness (social focus).

Health-care organization for the management and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children during pandemic in Campania region, Italy.

Background: In comparison with adults, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children has a milder course. The management of children with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) needs to be appropriately targeted.

Methods: We designed a hub-and-spoke system to provide healthcare indications based on the use of telemedicine and stringent admission criteria, coordinate local stakeholders and disseminate information.

Tubercular hemoptysis in a young liver transplanted patient: Case report.

Rationale: Liver transplanted patients have excellent survival rates, but infectious complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in liver recipients are very challenging. Specific recommendations for anti-TB treatment in liver transplanted patients are lacking.