Radiographic Detection of Post-Traumatic Bone Fractures: Contribution of Artificial Intelligence Software to the Analysis of Senior and Junior Radiologists.

Objectives: The aims of this study were: (a) to evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) software package (Boneview Trauma, Gleamer) for the detection of post-traumatic bone fractures in radiography as a standalone; (b) used by two radiologists (osteoarticular senior and junior); and (c) to determine to whom AI would be most helpful.

Materials And Methods: Within 14 days of a trauma, 101 consecutive patients underwent radiographic examination of the upper or lower limbs. The definite diagnosis for identifying fractures was: (a) radio-clinical consensus between the radiologist on-call who analyzed the images and the orthopedist (Group 1); (b) Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) exploration of the area of interest, in case of doubts or absence of consensus (Group 2).

Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules present intermediate malignancy risk according to European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) and yield indeterminate cytology results.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the clinical, ultrasound (US) and, when indicated, the cytological and histological characteristics of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) in consecutive patients.

Methods: A prospective, single-centre study was conducted between March 2018 and September 2021. In total, 901 consecutive patients were referred for thyroid workup and of 67 AFTN were evaluated.

Imaging Tumor Response and Tumoral Heterogeneity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Antiangiogenic Therapy: Comparison of the Prognostic Ability of RECIST 1.1, an Alternate Method (Crabb), and Image Heterogeneity Analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to assess computed tomography (CT) intratumoral heterogeneity changes, and compared the prognostic ability of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, an alternate response method (Crabb), and CT heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients treated with chemotherapy (group C) or chemotherapy and bevacizumab (group BC) underwent contrast-enhanced CT at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 cycles of chemotherapy.

Impact of iterative reconstruction on the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on reduced-dose chest CT angiograms.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of iterative reconstruction on the detectability of clots.

Methods And Materials: Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a study comparing reduced-dose and full-dose images, available from the same dual-source data set. From each acquisition, three series of images were generated: (1) full-dose images (from both tubes), reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) (group 1; standard of reference), (2) reduced-dose images (from tube A only; 60 % dose reduction) reconstructed with FBP (group 2) and iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) (group 3).

High-pitch, dual-source chest computed tomography angiography without electrocardiographic synchronization: evaluation of cardiac motion artifacts on pulmonary circulation.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and severity of cardiac motion artifacts on high-pitch, dual-source computed tomography angiograms of the chest.

Materials And Methods: One hundred consecutive patients underwent a non-electrocardiogram-gated, dual-source chest computed tomography examination with high pitch and high temporal resolution.

Results: The mean (±SD) duration of data acquisition was 0.

Perfusion CT allows prediction of therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer treated with conventional and anti-angiogenic chemotherapy.

Objectives: To determine whether CT can depict early perfusion changes in lung cancer treated by anti-angiogenic drugs, allowing prediction of response.

Methods: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer, treated by conventional chemotherapy with (Group 1; n = 17) or without (Group 2; n = 23) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug (bevacizumab) underwent CT perfusion before (TIME 0) and after 1 (TIME 1), 3 (TIME 2) and 6 (TIME 3) cycles of chemotherapy. The CT parameters evaluated included: (1) total tumour vascular volume (TVV) and total tumour extravascular flow (TEF); (2) RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours) measurements.

Bevacizumab and weekly paclitaxel for non-squamous non small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Combination of bevacizumab and weekly paclitaxel showed synergitic effects, anti-tumor efficacy and a good toxicity profile for patients with breast cancer but has never been evaluated in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We retrospectively reviewed safety and efficacy of this regimen in metastatic non-squamous NSCLC as fourth-line therapy or beyond.

Methods: Patients were identified from a prospective database.

Spectral optimization of chest CT angiography with reduced iodine load: experience in 80 patients evaluated with dual-source, dual-energy CT.

Purpose: To determine the energy levels that provide optimal imaging of thoracic circulation at dual-energy computed tomographic (CT) angiography with reduced iodine load in comparison with a standard technique.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved the study with waiver of patient consent. Eighty patients underwent a dual-source, dual-energy CT examination after administration of low-concentration contrast material (170 mg of iodine per milliliter), and eight series of images were reconstructed, including the original polychromatic images at 80 and 140 kV and six series of virtual monochromatic spectral images at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 keV.

Ultrafast imaging of the entire chest without ECG synchronisation or beta-blockade: to what extent can we analyse the coronary arteries?

Objectives: To evaluate the accessibility of coronary arteries from chest CT examinations acquired without ECG gating or beta-blockade.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred forty-two patients (median heart rate: 81.7 bpm) underwent a non-ECG-gated CT examination with high pitch and high temporal resolution.

Assessment of non-small cell lung cancer perfusion: pathologic-CT correlation in 15 patients.

Purpose: To assess tumor perfusion with multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and to correlate CT findings with pathologic results.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee, and all patients provided written informed consent, which included information on the radiation exposure at the CT examinations. Fifteen consecutive patients (mean age, 60.

Imaging the heart-lung relationships during a chest computed tomography examination: is electrocardiographic gating the only option?

Before the advent of fast-scanning multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) technology, thoracic CT studies were exclusively used for the morphologic assessment of thoracic organs, as the concurrent examination of the heart was hampered by image degradation from cardiac motion artifacts. The introduction of fast rotation speed and dedicated cardiac reconstruction algorithms has opened new possibilities for chest imaging, starting with the possibility to integrate cardiac morphologic and functional information into a diagnostic CT scan of the chest. Initiated with 16-slice multidetector-row CT, this concept of integrating morphology and function has been further simplified with 64-slice CT scanners, thus allowing radiologists to provide vital information in the management of patients with a wide variety of acute or chronic respiratory disorders.

Dual-energy CT angiography of chronic thromboembolic disease: can it help recognize links between the severity of pulmonary arterial obstruction and perfusion defects?

Purpose: To evaluate whether dual-energy CT angiography (DE-CTA) could identify links between morphologic and functional abnormalities in chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPTE).

Materials And Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with CPTE without underlying cardio-respiratory disease were investigated with DE-CTA. Two series of images were generated: (a) transverse diagnostic scans (i.

Thoracic applications of dual energy.

Recent technological advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) have led to the introduction of dual-source CT, which allows acquisition of CT data at the same energy or at 2 distinct tube voltage settings during a single acquisition. The advantage of the former is improvement of temporal resolution, whereas the latter offers new options for CT imaging, allowing tissue characterization and functional analysis with morphologic evaluation. The most investigated application has been iodine mapping at pulmonary CT angiography.

Evaluation of peripheral pulmonary arteries at 80 kV and at 140 kV: dual-energy computed tomography assessment in 51 patients.

Purpose: To compare peripheral pulmonary artery image quality at 80 kVp and 140 kVp in the same patients.

Materials And Methods: Image quality of third-, fourth- and fifth-order arteries was assessed at 80 kV and 140 kV on 1-mm-thick transverse scans, generated from dual-source computed tomography (CT) acquisitions.

Results: The mean level of enhancement was significantly higher at 80 kV compared with 140 kV for the third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arteries (P < 0.

Dual-source chest CT angiography with high temporal resolution and high pitch modes: evaluation of image quality in 140 patients.

Objective: To evaluate image quality of dual-source computed tomography (CT) angiograms acquired with high temporal resolution and high pitch modes.

Methods: Two groups of 70 consecutive patients underwent chest CT angiography with dual-source, single-energy CT, with an 83-ms temporal resolution and a pitch of 2 (group 1) or a pitch of 3 (group 2). Subjective and objective image quality and the diagnostic value were assessed by two radiologists in consensus.

Lung perfusion with dual-energy multidetector-row CT (MDCT): feasibility for the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolism in 117 consecutive patients.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography in the depiction of perfusion defects in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Materials And Methods: One hundred seventeen consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of acute PE underwent dual-energy multidetector computed tomographic (CT) angiography of the chest with a standard injection protocol. Two radiologists evaluated, by consensus, the presence of endoluminal clots on (1) transverse "diagnostic" scans (contiguous 1-mm-thick averaged images from tubes A and B) and (2) lung perfusion scans.

Thoracic applications of dual-source CT technology.

Among the various imaging modalities available, CT has remained over time the core imaging technique for the evaluation of respiratory disorders. The recent advent of dual-source CT offers innovative approaches to investigate thoracic diseases, based on the use of one or two tubes as well as single or dual energy to scan the entire thorax. Two major options can be used in clinical practice with promising results.

Automated lobar quantification of emphysema in patients with severe COPD.

Automated lobar quantification of emphysema has not yet been evaluated. Unenhanced 64-slice MDCT was performed in 47 patients evaluated before bronchoscopic lung-volume reduction. CT images reconstructed with a standard (B20) and high-frequency (B50) kernel were analyzed using a dedicated prototype software (MevisPULMO) allowing lobar quantification of emphysema extent.

Screening for coronary artery disease in respiratory patients: comparison of single- and dual-source CT in patients with a heart rate above 70 bpm.

To evaluate the assessibility of coronary arteries in respiratory patients with high heart rates. This study was based on the comparative analysis of two paired populations of 54 patients with a heart rate >70 bpm evaluated with dual-source (group 1) and single-source (group 2) CT. The mean heart rate was 89.