Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies into the Reductive Functionalization of Nitro Compounds Catalyzed by an Iron(salen) Complex.

We report on the use of a simple, bench-stable [Fe(salen)]-μ-oxo precatalyst in the reduction of nitro compounds. The reaction proceeds at room temperature across a range of substrates, including nitro aromatics and aliphatics. By changing the reducing agent from pinacol borane (HBpin) to phenyl silane (HSiPh), we can chemoselectively reduce nitro compounds while retaining carbonyl functionality.

Clinical trial results in context: comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes of 38,510 RECOVERY trial participants versus a reference population of 346,271 people hospitalised with COVID-19 in England.

Background: Randomised trials are essential to reliably assess medical interventions. Nevertheless, interpretation of such studies, particularly when considering absolute effects, is enhanced by understanding how the trial population may differ from the populations it aims to represent.

Methods: We compared baseline characteristics and mortality of RECOVERY participants recruited in England (n = 38,510) with a reference population hospitalised with COVID-19 in England (n = 346,271) from March 2020 to November 2021.

Laser and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of residual microislands of calculus.

Background: Recent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone versus SRP combined with 24% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) gel in removing calculus from extracted teeth and to determine the optimal length of time for application of the EDTA.

Methods: Specimens consisted of 32 extracted teeth with heavy root calculus.

Vegetation structure drives mosquito community composition in UK's largest managed lowland wetland.

Purpose: The rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases in Europe extends beyond urban areas, encompassing rural and semi-urban regions near managed and natural wetlands evidenced by recent outbreaks of Usutu and West Nile viruses. While wetland management policies focus on biodiversity and ecosystem services, few studies explore the impact on mosquito vectors.

Methods: Our research addresses this gap, examining juvenile mosquito and aquatic predator communities in 67 ditch sites within a South England coastal marsh subjected to different wetland management tiers.

The Use of Enamel Matrix Derivative during Surgical Therapy for Peri-Implantitis: A Case Series.

Peri-implantitis is a growing concern and currently, there is no agreement on the best method for treating this condition. This study looked at surgical intervention with the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) for treating this condition. A cohort of 25 (34 implants) consecutive patients treated with EMD for peri-implantitis was followed for up to 6.

Single-cell analysis of chromatin accessibility in the adult mouse brain.

Recent advances in single-cell technologies have led to the discovery of thousands of brain cell types; however, our understanding of the gene regulatory programs in these cell types is far from complete. Here we report a comprehensive atlas of candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the adult mouse brain, generated by analysing chromatin accessibility in 2.3 million individual brain cells from 117 anatomical dissections.

Single-cell DNA methylome and 3D multi-omic atlas of the adult mouse brain.

Cytosine DNA methylation is essential in brain development and is implicated in various neurological disorders. Understanding DNA methylation diversity across the entire brain in a spatial context is fundamental for a complete molecular atlas of brain cell types and their gene regulatory landscapes. Here we used single-nucleus methylome sequencing (snmC-seq3) and multi-omic sequencing (snm3C-seq) technologies to generate 301,626 methylomes and 176,003 chromatin conformation-methylome joint profiles from 117 dissected regions throughout the adult mouse brain.

The use of neurone specific enolase to prognosticate neurological recovery and long term neurological outcomes in OOHCA patients.

Introduction: Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury (HIBI), is a common sequalae following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA), it is reported as the cause of death in 68% of patients who survive to ICU admission, while other patients can be left with permanent neurological disability. Prediction of neurological outcome follows a multimodal approach, including use of the biomarker, neurone specific enolase (NSE). There is however no definitive cut-off value for poor neurological outcome, and little research has analysed NSE and long-term outcomes in survivors.

Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on Asthma, Hypertension, and Depression in a Sample of the Puerto Rico Population.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on 3 major chronic diseases in Puerto Rico.

Methods: San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal study participants were re-evaluated after Hurricanes Irma and Maria (May 2019-July 2020) for the Preparedness to Reduce Exposures and Diseases Post-hurricanes and Augment Resilience study. This study compared the prevalence and incidence of asthma, depression, and hypertension within the same 364 individuals over time.

Palliative Communication in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Communication is a central aspect of nursing care and is especially important when pertaining to progressive illnesses and end of life. This article reviews basic palliative care terminology and outlines a variety of communication frameworks from the "dos" to the "don'ts." These communication strategies are meant to be added to the nurse's "toolbox" so that nurses may use them in various scenarios.

Implementation of Kangaroo Care in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

With supporting the best neurodevelopmental outcomes possible, the doctor of nursing practice project was constructed. An educational program was created for nursing staff discussing the importance of kangaroo care and how to safely facilitate it in the intensive care setting. Following the education completion, kangaroo care was implemented.

Potential of social engagement for overcoming barriers to physical activity in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Many barriers to physical activity (PA) exist for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Social engagement may improve motivation to perform PA, which in turn may increase PA levels. This pilot study investigates how social engagement facilitated by mobile technology may reduce lack of motivation as a barrier to PA in individuals with SCI and demonstrates design implications for future technologies.

Acute cannabidiol treatment enhances social interaction in adult male mice.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytochemical from that is increasingly used to manage pain. The potential for CBD to ameliorate dimensional behavior symptoms occurring in multiple psychiatric disorders was suggested, including social interaction impairments. To test this hypothesis, adult male BTBRT+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a model of idiopathic autism exhibiting social preference deficits and restrictive repetitive behaviors, were acutely treated with vehicle or 0.

Striving for long term sustainability - Is it time we changed our approach to animal health in low- and middle-income countries?

Animal health and agricultural productivity in low- and middle-income countries have been the focus of research for development (R4D) projects for decades, with varying levels of success when considering the long-term sustainability of interventions. Many of these projects have been funded, designed and implemented by researchers from high income countries, and therefore risk neglecting the cultural nuances and complex country histories that can influence their success. This opinion piece suggests three broad recommendations: (1) implementing culturally congruent practices to improve disease control and prevention practices at the village level; (2) promoting public-private partnerships to improve control of transboundary animal diseases; and (3) improving national animal health and veterinary services and their governance to improve disease surveillance, control and prevention.

Single-cell DNA Methylome and 3D Multi-omic Atlas of the Adult Mouse Brain.

Cytosine DNA methylation is essential in brain development and has been implicated in various neurological disorders. A comprehensive understanding of DNA methylation diversity across the entire brain in the context of the brain's 3D spatial organization is essential for building a complete molecular atlas of brain cell types and understanding their gene regulatory landscapes. To this end, we employed optimized single-nucleus methylome (snmC-seq3) and multi-omic (snm3C-seq) sequencing technologies to generate 301,626 methylomes and 176,003 chromatin conformation/methylome joint profiles from 117 dissected regions throughout the adult mouse brain.

Eradication of Mycobacterium abscessus infection in cystic fibrosis with initiation of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor.

Mycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that is often multi-drug resistant, difficult to eradicate and associated with a rapid decline in lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF). Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) is a combination CFTR modulator that improves lung function and decreases exacerbations, but limited data exists about its impact on respiratory infections. A 23-year-old male with CF (F508del, unknown) was diagnosed with Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus infection.

Immunopathology of terminal complement activation and complement C5 blockade creating a pro-survival and organ-protective phenotype in trauma.

Background And Purpose: Traumatic haemorrhage (TH) is the leading cause of potentially preventable deaths that occur during the prehospital phase of care. No effective pharmacological therapeutics are available for critical TH patients yet. Here, we identify terminal complement activation (TCA) as a therapeutic target in combat casualties and evaluate the efficacy of a TCA inhibitor (nomacopan) on organ damage and survival in vivo.

Disproportionate Burden of COVID-19 Infection Among Hispanic Patients During the First COVID-19 Surge in South Texas.

Introduction: The morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionately burdened Hispanic populations in the United States. While health equity research is typically conducted in populations where Hispanics are the minority, this project analyzes COVID-19 racioethnic transmission trends over the first 6 months of the pandemic within a large majority-minority city in South Texas.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 across inpatient, emergency department, and outpatient settings of a large county health system were included in a clinical registry.

Weight loss in a cardiovascular trial population identifies people at future risk of dementia.

Introduction: Populations at increased risk of dementia need to be identified for well-powered trials of preventive interventions. Weight loss, which often occurs in pre-clinical dementia, could identify a population at sufficiently high dementia risk.

Methods: In 12,975 survivors in the Heart Protection Study statin trial of people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease, the association of weight change over 5 years during the trial with post-trial dementia recorded in electronic hospital admission and death records ( = 784) was assessed, after adjustment for age, sex, treatment allocation, and deprivation measures.

Validation of two clinical color measuring instruments for use in dental research.

Objective: There are several shade matching instruments developed for clinical use, but the validity of their use in dental research has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using two clinical color measuring instruments, VitaEasyshade and Spectroshade, against a referent laboratory color measuring instrument (Spectroradiometer PR670).

Methods And Materials: The validity and repeatability of the referent laboratory color measuring instrument was assessed using standard color patches with certified CIE L*a*b* values.

Evaluation of Nomacopan for Treatment of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Phase 2a Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Bullous pemphigoid is a difficult-to-treat autoimmune blistering skin disease that predominantly affects older adults and is associated with an increased mortality rate.

Objective: To examine the safety and therapeutic potential of nomacopan, an inhibitor of leukotriene B4 and complement C5, in patients with bullous pemphigoid.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, single-group, phase 2a nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in the dermatology departments of universities in the Netherlands and Germany.