Cerebellar volume in early-onset schizophrenia and its association with severity of symptoms.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) cases differ from controls regarding volumes of the total cerebellum and the right and left cerebellar hemispheres, and volumetric asymmetry. Correlations of cerebellar volumes and asymmetry indices with severity of symptoms and general functioning in cases of EOS were also assessed.

Methods: Adolescents with EOS (n = 23) were compared with controls (n = 23).

Comparison of Three Methods Used for Estimating Area of Foramen Magnum.

Objective: To compare whether there are any differences between the 3 methods used for measure area of foramen magnum (FM) in skulls.

Methods: The FMs of 150 skulls were examined. Antero-posterior diameter, transverse diameter were measured using by Vernier caliper.

The Morphological Grading and Comparison of Sutural Patency Among Cranial Sutures in Dry Human Skulls.

Objective: To investigate the degree of fusion (patency) among cranial sutures in human dry skulls in the Anatolia.

Methods: One-hundred fifty-eight human dry skulls that were accepted as adults according to the teeth eruption were macroscopically examined and photographed with Canon 400B (55 mm objective). The grades of fusion of coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid were quantitatively analyzed by using the modified grading scale.

Foramen arcuale: a rare morphological variation located in atlas vertebrae.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of foramen arcuale in dry atlas vertebrae which may cause clinical problems.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-one dry human cervical vertebrae were examined. The evaluated parameters of two atlas vertebrae including foramen arcuale were as follows: maximum antero-posterior, transverse diameters and areas of the right and left superior articular facets and transverse foramina; maximum antero-posterior diameters, heights, areas and central sagittal thickness of bony arch forming roof of foramen arcuale, respectively.

Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum: An Anatomical Aspect.

Objective: To investigate the detailed morphological and morphometric analysis of foramen magnum (FM) in dry cranii.

Methods: One hundred fifty skulls of unidentified sex were macroscopically examined and were photographed with Canon 400B (55 mm objective). According to tooth eruption of the skulls, they were accepted as adults.

Stereological Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Volume in Alzheimer Disease.

Optic nerve damage occurs in Alzheimer disease (AD) related to the loss of the retinal ganglion cells that contribute fibers to the optic nerve and reduction of the density of axons of the optic nerve. In this study the authors evaluated optic nerve volume changes and the relation between the cerebrum and optic nerve volumes in AD patients. The study evaluated the volumetric measurements of optic nerve by applying the stereological method on magnetic resonance images (MRI).

Morphometrical aspect on angular branch of facial artery.

Anatomic variability and anastomosis of the angular artery of the facial artery with the other arteries are important for both anatomists and surgeons. In particular, the angular artery is a significant landmark in dacryocystorhinostomy. Because of variations on anatomy of the angular artery, there are limited numbers of anatomic studies on the flaps of facial region.

Comparison of the Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Melatonin on the Viabilities of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line.

Objective: Neuroblastoma is one of common childhood tumors. Although its mortality is very high, there is no effective treatment yet. The aim of this project is to evaluate cytotoxic effects of melatonin (MLT) an endogen hormone and 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) also named as isotretinoin an analogue of vitamin A on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.

The volume of experimental design cerebellum: stereological microanatomic study.

Cerebellum is responsible to higher cognitive functions and delicate motor activity. Because of its significance, cerebellum may play a major role in cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric diseases. Therefore, the investigations on cerebellum may be contributed to the future researches so as to solve reasons of the diseases.

The volume prediction on the experimental design hippocampus using stereological method.

The application of stereologic techniques to the analysis of the nervous system has greatly contributed to the evaluation of the normal and pathological anatomy of the aging brain. Currently, the hippocampus still holds secrets about the aging process. Experimental researches on hippocampus morphology may contribute to the future researches.

Anatomic features of metopic suture in adult dry skulls.

The metopic suture (MS) lies on the midline of the forehead and extends from the frontal bone to the root of the nose. The aim of the current study was to evaluate morphologic features of the complete and incomplete MSs of skulls in the West Anatolian population and rates of the suture types. One hundred sixty crania of West Anatolian people with unknown ages and sex belonging to the anatomy department laboratory of Dokuz Eylül University Medical School were examined.

Investigation of temporal bone asymmetry in cases with unilateral tinnitus: morphometric and multicentric clinical study.

The aim of this multicentric study was to compare the anatomical structures of temporal bone in patients with unilateral tinnitus with their healthy ears. We also aimed at evaluating whether age and gender-related asymmetrical changes occur in temporal bones or not. Fifty two ears of 26 patients who had unilateral tinnitus were included into the retrospective study.

Ocular and periocular injuries associated with an isolated orbital fracture depending on a blunt cranial trauma: anatomical and surgical aspects.

The anatomical location of fractures following blunt cranio-orbital trauma is important for neurosurgeons and maxillofacial surgeons. In this study, 588 cranio-orbital fractures following blunt trauma were evaluated retrospectively with regard to the anatomical site and surgical treatment. Orbital cranial nerve injuries and the outcomes of the medical and/or surgical treatment are described.

Stereological volumetric evaluation of the cerebellum in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objective: To evaluate cerebellar volume changes and the asymmetry of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Methods: The cerebellar hemispheres` volumetric symmetry were evaluated using a stereological method on MR images. The study included 15 patients with BPPV, and 14 age-, and gender-matched control subjects.

Unusual scalp metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Metastatic tumors presenting as soft tissue lesions are relatively rare, and can be the source of diagnostic confusion both clinically and histopathologically. We present a case of an 82-year-old woman with complaints of painless swelling in the right temporo-occipital junction for 3 months, and with unusual scalp metastasis of thyroid follicular carcinoma. Use of histopathological examinations are significant for determining the tumor type, and arriving at the exact and correct diagnosis.

Lumbar vertebra morphometry and stereological assesment of intervertebral space volumetry: a methodological study.

The use of technology in the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases has undergone rapid clinical and scientific development. It has been extensively studied in combination with various techniques for spinal stabilization from both the anterior and posterior approach. Minimally invasive and instrumental approach via posterior fixation is increasingly being used for the treatment of adult degenerative disc disease, stenosis, and deformity of the lumbar vertebrae.

Relation of discoid lateral meniscus and cord-like anterior intermeniscal ligament: morphological and clinical study.

Discoid lateral meniscus is a rare disorder and its association with other variations in the knee joint has been reported. The anterior intermeniscal ligament has also been described as connecting the anterior convex margin of the lateral meniscus to the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. In the normal population, it was observed at 53-94%.

Effect of ligamenta flava hypertrophy on lumbar disc herniation with contralateral symptoms and signs: a clinical and morphometric study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ligamentum flavum hypertrophy among disc herniated patients causes contralateral pain symptoms. For this reason we measured the thickness of the ligament in disc herniated patients with ipsilateral or contralateral symptoms.

Material And Methods: Two hundred disc herniated patients with ipsilateral symptoms as group I were compared with five disc herniated patients with only contralateral symptoms as group II.

Evaluation of cerebellar and cerebral volume in migraine with aura: a stereological study.

Migraine is associated with an increased risk of deep white matter lesions and subclinical posterior circulation infarcts. A significant association between deep white matter hyperintensities and cerebral atrophy is true for various neurological diseases; it was not specifically proven in migraine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar and cerebral volume and volume ratios for cerebellum using the Cavalieri principle.

Clinical and stereologic evaluation of osteochondroma.

Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that is unusual in the maxillofacial region. Anatomy of the region, especially the mandible, is important for surgical intervention for the condylar osteochondroma. The present case report describes evaluation of condylar hyperplasia with emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of sterolithographic solid model and stereologic techniques for preoperative surgical planning, operation time, and prognosis.

Evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: a stereological study.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and, as previous studies have indicated, degenerative changes in the cerebellum occur in AD. It is well known that the cerebellum does not have a symmetric morphology and some pathological disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism and alcoholism, can cause asymmetrical changes in the cerebellum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether or not patients with AD show cerebellar asymmetry.

Anatomic evaluation of maxillary sinus septa: surgery and radiology.

The anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus is fundamental to maxillofacial surgery. The presence of septa, located at the inner surface of the maxillary sinus, increases the risk of sinus membrane perforation during sinus elevation for dental implant surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomy of maxillary sinus septa.

The premasseteric branch of facial artery: its importance for craniofacial surgery.

Aim: The masseter muscle is often exploited by craniofacial surgeons in transposition operations to correct facial palsy, benign masseteric hypertrophy; or neurectomy-induced atrophy of the muscle. A clear understanding of the course of the premasseteric branch of the facial artery and its relations with adjacent structures is essential in maneuvering the masseter muscle safely. In the present study the premasseteric branch was analyzed in details.

Evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry with vertigo cases: a stereological study.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relevant methods of stereology to estimate cerebellar asymmetry according to gender in both adult right-handed vertigo cases and healthy cases.

Material And Methods: The study included 14 adult control subjects and 18 patients with vertigo. The volumes of the cerebellar hemispheres were determined on MRI using the point-counting approach of stereological methods.