Performance of an Arabic translation of the patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale in Saudi patients with multiple sclerosis.

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is commonly used to measure and quantify disabilities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The patient-determined disease steps (PDDS) scale is a patient-reported measure of disability that is useful in MS. However, the Arabic version of the PDDS has only been tested in Jordanian patients.

Clinical and economic evaluations of natalizumab, rituximab, and ocrelizumab for the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: The advent of new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), resulted in significant changes in the treatment guidelines for Multiple sclerosis (MS) and improvement in the clinical outcomes. However, mAbs, such as rituximab, natalizumab, and ocrelizumab, are expensive with variable effectiveness rates. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the direct medical cost and consequences (e.

Saudi consensus recommendations on the management of multiple sclerosis: MS management in children and adolescents.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) most commonly presents in young adults, although 3-5% of patients develop MS prior to the age of 18 years. The new and comprehensive consensus for the management of MS in Saudi Arabia includes recommendations for the management of MS and other CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders in pediatric and adolescent patients. This article summarizes the key recommendations for the diagnosis and management of these disorders in young patients.

Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety Among Ambulating Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease associated with adverse effects: including depression, anxiety, fatigue, which may affect physical activity and the quality of life (QoL) among patients with MS (pwMS).

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and fatigue among pwMS who have no physical disability in Saudi Arabia, and demonstrate any correlation between these factors and physical activity as well as the QoL.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neuroimmunology outpatient clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh City, KSA.

Assessment of factors associated with depression and anxiety among pwMS in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020.

Real-World Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Classes of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia.

The very fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) is incurable and necessitates life-long care makes it one of the most burdensome illnesses. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of orally administered medications (e.g.

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Other Multiple Sclerosis Environmental Risk Factors.

Introduction: There are a number of well-established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Other factors, however, showed conflicting or inconsistent results. Here, we examine some factors that are unique to or more practiced in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the Arab region such as waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), face veiling, raw milk (RM) and camel milk (CM) consumption, and tuberculosis (TB) infection in addition to other traditional factors.

Conversion disorder upon emergence from general anesthesia-A case report and review of literature.

Conversion disorder (CD) is a neurological symptom that is not related to any medical or neurological disease. Symptoms can range from sensory complaints to loss of consciousness. Psychological stressors such as surgery and anesthesia are considered a precipitating factors.

Family Planning for People with Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: an Expert Consensus.

More than half of all patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are women of childbearing age. Raising a family is an important life goal for women in our region of the world. However, fears and misconceptions about the clinical course of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and the effects of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) on the foetus have led many women to reduce their expectations of raising a family, sometimes even to the point of avoiding pregnancy altogether.

Shared breastfeeding & other early multiple sclerosis risk factors: A case-control study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Etiology is thought to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors interplay. Our objective in this study is to evaluate culture specific and other early life risk factors for MS.

Electrodiagnostic reference data for sensory nerve conduction studies in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To estimate reference data for the commonly performed sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS) using a cohort of healthy subjects from Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between May 2015, and June 2019. Sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude, conduction velocity (CV), and peak latency (PL) were recorded.

Electrodiagnostic reference data for motor nerve conduction studies in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine nerve conduction studies (NCS) reference data for motor nerves and F-waves in the upper and lower limbs of healthy subjects in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between May 2015 and June 2019. Healthy subjects without neurological or systemic diseases were recruited.

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis in the Aged.

Myasthenia gravis is diagnosed at a progressively later age and the incidence continuously increases in the aged with a clear male predominance. People above the age of 65 constitute more than 50% of the newly diagnosed. Commonly, patients present with focal (ocular or bulbar) weakness.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presentation of a human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 myelopathy--insight into pathogenesis.

A 41-year-old human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-positive woman developed a syndrome with upper and lower motor neuron signs sometime after bilateral vertebral artery dissections. Over 2 years, she developed a progressive myelopathy affecting predominantly the motor system. She had the picture of a 'person in a barrel' and died from complications.

Ischaemia due to a vascular malformation causing focal myositis.

Focal myositis secondary to an intramuscular vascular malformation has rarely been reported in the literature. We describe a 21-year-old woman presenting with left thigh pain. Imaging of the thigh muscles showed a vascular malformation and muscle biopsy demonstrated focal changes diagnosed initially as myositis.

Comparison of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance-associated neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients.

Objectives: There are varying reports on whether monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance-associated neuropathy (MGUSN) patients are distinguishable from those with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and whether specific MGUSN subclasses are associated with specific clinical phenotypes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of MGUSN (n = 56) and CIDP (n = 67) patients. Data extracted included: demographics, neurological examination, and nerve conduction studies (NCS) at baseline and last visit.

Late-onset myasthenia gravis: a review when incidence in older adults keeps increasing.

We define late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG) when symptoms appear at ≥65 years of age. There has been a continuous increase in the incidence of LOMG with a clear male predominance. Commonly, patients present with focal (ocular or bulbar) weakness.