Pre-Catheterization Computed Tomography Angiography Aids in the Selection of Ductus Arteriosus Stent Length for Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow.

PDA stenting is increasingly utilized for patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow. Predicting optimal stent length prior to and during the intervention remains a challenge. The utility of pre-catheterization computed tomography angiography (CTA) to predict stent length was evaluated.

Food-based indices for the assessment of nutritive value and environmental impact of meals and diets: A systematic review protocol.

Current food production and consumption practices are impacting both human and planetary health. Though these challenges are multifaceted, shifting to healthy dietary choices from sustainable food systems is one solution. Food-based labelling is a common public-health strategy aimed at influencing consumption practices, primarily displaying front-of-pack nutrition labelling to encourage healthier choices.

Co-Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Radiopacity Through Radiopaque Filler Incorporation for Medical Tubing Applications.

Medical tubing, particularly cardiovascular tubing, is a critical area of research where continuous improvements are necessary to advance medical devices and improve patient care. While polymers are fundamental for these applications, on their own they present several limitations such as insufficient X-ray contrasting capabilities. As such, polymer composites utilizing radiopaque fillers are a necessity for this application.

Reports of tropane alkaloid poisonings and analytical techniques for their determination in food crops and products from 2013 to 2023.

Food safety is crucial to attaining food security and sustainability. Unsafe foods for human and animal consumption lead to product recalls and rejection, negatively impacting the global economy and trade. Similarly, climate change can adversely affect the availability of safe and nutritious food at the table.

Discovery of New Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Orfamide N via Partnership with Middle School Students from the Boys and Girls Club.

We established a university-community partnership with the Boys and Girls Clubs of Chicago (BGCC)-named b-to involve middle school students in antibiotic discovery research. In the course of working with a cohort of students from the BGCC, one student isolated a bacterium from a goose feces sample that produced a new cyclic lipodepsipeptide, which was characterized as orfamide N. Orfamide N is composed of ten mixed D/L-amino acids and a ()-3-hydroxyhexadec-9-enoic acid residue.

A Pilot Randomized Control Trial Testing a Smartphone-Delivered Food Attention Retraining Program in Adolescent Girls with Overweight or Obesity.

Background/objectives: Attention bias (AB) toward food is associated with obesity, but it is unclear if programs designed to reduce AB can impact adolescents' eating behavior. We investigated whether a two-week, smartphone-delivered attention retraining (AR) program (vs a control program) altered food AB in adolescent girls with overweight.

Methods: Participants completed three food-cue visual-probe trainings/day.

Photomorphogenesis of Myxococcus macrosporus: new insights for light-regulation of cell development.

Myxobacteria are non-photosynthetic bacteria distinguished among prokaryotes by a multicellular stage in their life cycle known as fruiting bodies that are formed in response to nutrient deprivation and stimulated by light. Here, we report an entrained, rhythmic pattern of Myxococcus macrosporus fruiting bodies, forming consistently spaced concentric rings when grown in the dark. Light exposure disrupts this rhythmic phenotype, resulting in a sporadic arrangement and reduced fruiting-body count.

DNL343 is an investigational CNS penetrant eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activator that prevents and reverses the effects of neurodegeneration caused by the integrated stress response.

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved pathway in eukaryotic cells that is activated in response to multiple sources of cellular stress. Although acute activation of this pathway restores cellular homeostasis, intense or prolonged ISR activation perturbs cell function and may contribute to neurodegeneration. DNL343 is an investigational CNS-penetrant small-molecule ISR inhibitor designed to activate the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) and suppress aberrant ISR activation.

Primate cerebrospinal fluid CHI3L1 reflects brain TREM2 agonism.

Introduction: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) agonists are being clinically evaluated as disease-modifying therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Clinically translatable pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers are needed to confirm drug activity and select the appropriate therapeutic dose in clinical trials.

Methods: We conducted multi-omic analyses on paired non-human primate brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and stimulation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia cultures after TREM2 agonist treatment, followed by validation of candidate fluid PD biomarkers using immunoassays.

Helping athletes to select botanical supplements for the right reasons: A comparison of self-reported reasons for use versus evidence-based supplement claims.

Use of food supplements (FS) by athletes is well characterised but there is little information on 'herbal' or 'botanical' FS beyond 'natural'. This study determined, by questionnaire, whether athletes' main self-reported reason for using FS was reflective of what was written on product labels or, when these claims were unavailable, was in accordance with the scientific literature. In 217 elite (n = 55) and amateur (n = 162) athletes living on the island of Ireland, 71% (n = 153) consumed any kind of FS, with 16% (n = 34) of the entire cohort deemed botanical consumers.

Developing and testing personalised nutrition feedback for more sustainable healthy diets: the MyPlanetDiet randomised controlled trial protocol.

Purpose: Agriculture and food production contribute to climate change. There is mounting pressure to transition to diets with less environmental impact while maintaining nutritional adequacy. MyPlanetDiet aimed to reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in a safe, nutritionally adequate, and acceptable manner.

Steering opinion dynamics through control of social networks.

In this paper, we propose a novel control approach for opinion dynamics on evolving networks. The controls modify the strength of connections in the network, rather than influencing opinions directly, with the overall goal of steering the population toward a target opinion. This requires that the social network remains sufficiently connected, the population does not break into separate opinion clusters, and that the target opinion remains accessible.

Neutral or Detrimental Effects of TREM2 Agonist Antibodies in Preclinical Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.

Human genetics and preclinical studies have identified key contributions of TREM2 to several neurodegenerative conditions, inspiring efforts to modulate TREM2 therapeutically. Here, we characterize the activities of three TREM2 agonist antibodies in multiple mixed-sex mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and remyelination. Receptor activation and downstream signaling are explored in vitro, and active dose ranges are determined in vivo based on pharmacodynamic responses from microglia.

An Infant with High-Output Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension Resulting from a Giant Cutaneous Hemangioma.

We present the clinical course of an 8-month-old infant with a giant cutaneous hemangioma resulting in high-output heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. The lesion was successfully embolized and excised, with rapid resolution of heart failure and improvement in pulmonary hypertension.

The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on blood pressure and lipids: a pooled analysis of six randomised controlled fruit and vegetable intervention trials.

Background: Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown.

Objective: To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use.

A food-exchange model for achieving the recommended dietary intakes for saturated fat in Irish children: analysis from the cross-sectional National Children's Food Survey II.

Objective: To identify the main foods determining SFA intakes and model the impact of food exchanges to improve compliance with dietary fat recommendations in Irish children.

Design: Estimated food and nutrient intakes were obtained from a cross-sectional study, the National Children's Food Survey II. Participants were categorised into low, medium and high SFA consumers, and the contribution of food categories to SFA intakes was compared.

Exploring the impact of music on response to ketamine/esketamine: A scoping review.

Music and ketamine are both known to affect therapeutic outcomes, but few studies have investigated their co-administration. This scoping review describes the existing literature on the joint use of music and ketamine-or esketamine (the S(+) enantiomer of ketamine)-in humans. The review considers that extant studies have explored the intersection of ketamine/esketamine and music in healthy volunteers and in patients of various age groups, at different dosages, through different treatment processes, and have varied the sequence of playing music relative to ketamine/esketamine administration.

Hippocampal volume changes after (R,S)-ketamine administration in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy volunteers.

The hippocampus and amygdala have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Preclinical models suggest that stress-related changes in these regions can be reversed by antidepressants, including ketamine. Clinical studies have identified reduced volumes in MDD that are thought to be potentiated by early life stress and worsened by repeated depressive episodes.

Dental divisions: exploring racial inequities of dental caries amongst children.

Data Sources: The search strategy involved three sequential stages. Initially, MEDLINE/PubMed was explored for relevant articles, identifying pertinent terms for formal searching. Using the terms ethnic, race, minoritised and dental caries, a strategy was formed and nine databases searched.

The impact of replacing milk with plant-based alternatives on iodine intake: a dietary modelling study.

Purpose: Cow's milk is the primary source of iodine in the UK, but consumption of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA) is increasing and these products are often not fortified with iodine. We evaluated the impact that replacing current milk consumption with PBMA would have on iodine intake.

Methods: We used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2016-2019) for children (1.

Left Atrial Hypertension and Respiratory Failure Requiring Venoarterial ECMO After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement.

A 33-year-old woman with aortic valve stenosis status-post Ross at age 6 years developed symptomatic right heart failure from right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit stenosis. Conduit rehabilitation and transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement resulted in acute left atrial hypertension and respiratory failure requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and atrial septal defect creation as a bridge to recovery.

Smoking cessation interventions for U.S. adults with disabilities: A systematic review.

Introduction: People with disabilities disproportionately use tobacco products. However, little is known about cessation interventions tailored for people with disabilities. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults with disabilities.

Neural underpinnings of threat bias in relation to loss-of-control eating behaviors among adolescent girls with high weight.

Introduction: Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, a key feature of binge-eating disorder, may relate attentional bias (AB) to highly salient interpersonal stimuli. The current pilot study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to explore neural features of AB to socially threatening cues in adolescent girls with and without LOC-eating.

Methods: Girls (12-17 years old) with overweight or obesity (BMI >85th percentile) completed an AB measure on an affective dot-probe AB task during MEG and evoked neural responses to angry or happy (vs.