Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Timing in eICU Collaborative Research Database by Race: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Racial and ethnic disparities in malnutrition are well-known, but it is unknown if there are disparities in early nutrition delivery for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, which is associated with better outcomes. We investigated the timing of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) initiation in the ICU, examining for racial differences.

Methods: Using the eICU-Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) from 2014 to 2015, we analyzed patients eligible for EN and PN from 208 hospitals.

SEED: A novel web-based data visualization platform to visualize, communicate, and explore social, environmental, and equity drivers of health.

Multisector stakeholders, including, community-based organizations, health systems, researchers, policymakers, and commerce, increasingly seek to address health inequities that persist due to structural racism. They require accessible tools to visualize and quantify the prevalence of social drivers of health (SDOH) and correlate them with health to facilitate dialog and action. We developed and deployed a web-based data visualization platform to make health and SDOH data available to the community.

Interactive visualization tool to understand and monitor health disparities in diabetes care and outcomes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) poses a significant public health challenge, with pronounced disparities in control and outcomes. Social determinants of health (SDoH) significantly contribute to these disparities, affecting healthcare access, neighborhood environments, and social context. We discuss the design, development, and use of an innovative web-based application integrating real-world data (electronic health record and geospatial files), to enhance comprehension of the impact of SDoH on T2 DM health disparities.

Comparing Social Disadvantage Indices in Pediatric Populations.

Background And Objectives: Place-based social disadvantage indices are increasingly used to promote health equity, but vary in design. We compared associations between 3 commonly used indices (Social Vulnerability Index [SVI], Area Deprivation Index [ADI], and Child Opportunity Index [COI]) and infant well-child check (WCC) attendance and adolescent obesity. We hypothesized that the COI would have the strongest association with child health outcomes.

The Association between Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: An Application of Social Informatics.

There is a profound need to identify modifiable risk factors to screen and prevent pancreatic cancer. Air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cancer.

BOLD: Blood-gas and Oximetry Linked Dataset.

Pulse oximeters measure peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO) noninvasively, while the gold standard (SaO) involves arterial blood gas measurement. There are known racial and ethnic disparities in their performance. BOLD is a dataset that aims to underscore the importance of addressing biases in pulse oximetry accuracy, which disproportionately affect darker-skinned patients.

Defining the Need for Causal Inference to Understand the Impact of Social Determinants of Health: A Primer on Behalf of the Consortium for the Holistic Assessment of Risk in Transplantation (CHART).

Objective: This study aims to introduce key concepts and methods that inform the design of studies that seek to quantify the causal effect of social determinants of health (SDOH) on access to and outcomes following organ transplant.

Background: The causal pathways between SDOH and transplant outcomes are poorly understood. This is partially due to the unstandardized and incomplete capture of the complex interactions between patients, their neighborhood environments, the tertiary care system, and structural factors that impact access and outcomes.

Development of an interactive dashboard for gun violence pattern analysis and intervention design at the local level.

Introduction: Gun violence remains a concerning and persistent issue in our country. Novel dashboards may integrate and summarize important clinical and non-clinical data that can inform targeted interventions to address the underlying causes of gun violence.

Methods: Data from various clinical and non-clinical sources were sourced, cleaned, and integrated into a customizable dashboard that summarizes and provides insight into the underlying factors that impact local gun violence episodes.

BOLD: Blood-gas and Oximetry Linked Dataset - Open Source Research.

Pulse oximeters measure peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO ) noninvasively, while the gold standard (SaO ) involves arterial blood gas measurement. There are known racial and ethnic disparities in their performance. BOLD is a new comprehensive dataset that aims to underscore the importance of addressing biases in pulse oximetry accuracy, which disproportionately affect darker-skinned patients.

Do You PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System)? Physical Function and Pain Interference Scores After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Physical function and pain outcomes vary after arthroplasty. We investigated differences in postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) scores for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). We aimed to identify preoperative factors that predict postoperative PROMIS scores.

Quantifying Associations Between Child Health and Neighborhood Social Vulnerability: Does the Choice of Index Matter?

Importance: Policymakers have increasingly utilized place-based social disadvantage indices to quantify the impacts of place on health and inform equitable resource allocation. Indices vary in design, content, and purpose but are often used interchangeably, potentially resulting in differential assignments of relative disadvantage depending on index choice.

Objective: To compare associations between three commonly used disadvantage indices (Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and Child Opportunity Index (COI)) and two epidemiologically distinct child health outcomes-infant well-child check (WCC) attendance and adolescent obesity.

Association of Perceived Neighborhood Health With Hypertension Self-care.

Importance: Hypertension self-management is recommended for optimal blood pressure (BP) control, but self-identified residential contextual factors that hinder hypertension self-care are understudied.

Objective: To quantify perceived neighborhood health and hypertension self-care and assess interactions with the area deprivation index (ADI) and healthy food availability at home.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, including primary care adults enrolled in the Achieving Blood Pressure Control Together trial between September 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014.

A comparison of deprivation indices and application to transplant populations.

The choice of deprivation index can influence conclusions drawn regarding the extent of deprivation within a community and the identification of the most deprived communities in the United States. This study aimed to determine the degree of correlation among deprivation indices commonly used to characterize transplant populations. We used a retrospective cohort consisting of adults listed for liver or kidney transplants between 2008 and 2018 to compare 4 deprivation indices: neighborhood deprivation index, social deprivation index (SDI), area deprivation index, and social vulnerability index.

Association between Gentrification and Health and Healthcare Utilization.

There is tremendous interest in understanding how neighborhoods impact health by linking extant social and environmental drivers of health (SDOH) data with electronic health record (EHR) data. Studies quantifying such associations often use static neighborhood measures. Little research examines the impact of gentrification-a measure of neighborhood change-on the health of long-term neighborhood residents using EHR data, which may have a more generalizable population than traditional approaches.

Geospatial Analysis of Organ Transplant Referral Regions.

Importance: System and center-level interventions to improve health equity in organ transplantation benefit from robust characterization of the referral population served by each transplant center. Transplant referral regions (TRRs) define geographic catchment areas for transplant centers in the US, but accurately characterizing the demographics of populations within TRRs using US Census data poses a challenge.

Objective: To compare 2 methods of linking US Census data with TRRs-a geospatial intersection method and a zip code cross-reference method.

Social determinants of health data in solid organ transplantation: National data sources and future directions.

Health equity research in transplantation has largely relied on national data sources, yet the availability of social determinants of health (SDOH) data varies widely among these sources. We sought to characterize the extent to which national data sources contain SDOH data applicable to end-stage organ disease (ESOD) and transplant patients. We reviewed 10 active national data sources based in the United States.

Psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular events among black Americans with chronic kidney disease or associated risk factors in the Jackson heart study.

Background: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), or diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which psychosocial factors are associated with increased CVD risk within these individuals is unclear. Black individuals experience a high degree of psychosocial stressors due to socioeconomic factors, environment, racism, and discrimination.

Chronic Pain Prevalence and Factors Associated With High Impact Chronic Pain following Total Joint Arthroplasty: An Observational Study.

Hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty are among the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures in the United States. High impact and bothersome chronic pain rates following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are unknown; as are factors that predict these chronic pain outcomes. This retrospective observational study included individuals that had a TJA from January 2014 to January 2020 (n = 2,638).

A prospective study of multiple sleep dimensions and hypertension risk among white, black and Hispanic/Latina women: findings from the Sister Study.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with increased hypertension risk, but few studies have evaluated multiple sleep dimensions or investigated racial/ethnic disparities in this association among women.

Method: We investigated multiple sleep dimensions (sleep duration, inconsistent weekly sleep patterns, sleep debt, frequent napping and difficulty falling or staying asleep) and hypertension risk among women, and determined modification by age, race/ethnicity and menopausal status. We used data from the Sister Study, a national cohort of 50 884 women who had sisters diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States enrolled in 2003-2009 and followed through September 2018.