Evaluation of anticancer activity of leaves against breast carcinoma.

Introduction: The use of natural resources as medicines for cancer therapies has been described throughout history in the form of traditional medicines. However, many resources are still unidentified for their potent biological activities. Clerodendrum viscosum is a hill glory bower reported as a remedy against oxidative stress, skin diseases, and intestinal infections.

Ameliorating effects of white mulberry on iron-overload-induced oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in Swiss albino mice.

Excess iron causes oxidative damage of biomolecules, leading to tissue injury primarily liver failure. In this study, we explored the remediating effects of Morus alba L. (MAME) on iron-overload-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice.

Identification and characterization of novel microRNAs in disease-resistant and disease-susceptible Penaeus monodon.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), known as a translational regulator, are evolutionary conserved, small, and noncoding RNA. They have played a vital role in disease biology through the host-virus-miRNA-interaction. In this study, novel miRNAs of naturally occurring, virus-free disease-resistant and disease-susceptible Penaeus monodon were identified and characterized.

Mitigation of X-ray induced DNA damages and expression of DNA-repair genes by antioxidative Potentilla fulgens root extract and its ethyl-acetate fraction in mammalian cells.

Potentilla fulgens is a medicinal plant in North-East India whose root is reported to have anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. The potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of P. fulgens root (PRE) for providing protection to mammalian cells exposed to ionising radiation was investigated in this study.

Tropical lichen, Dirinaria consimilis, induces ROS-mediated activation of MAPKs and triggers caspase cascade mediated apoptosis in brain and cervical cancer cells.

Lichens are the symbiotic association between photobiont algae and mycobiont fungi having diverse phytochemicals. However, they are still an underexplored natural resource for biological activities. In the present report, we have evaluated the anti-brain and anti-cervical cancer activity of tropical lichen, Dirinaria consimilis (DCME) through the cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin V-FLUOS staining, morphological analysis, ROS-induction mechanism, evaluation of antioxidant levels, and western blotting study.

The natural flavones, acacetin and apigenin, induce Cdk-Cyclin mediated G2/M phase arrest and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.

Brain and CNS-related cancers are rare; however, 0.3 million incidences and 0.24 million deaths in 2018 demonstrates the unrelenting associated dangers.

Potent anti-inflammatory Terminalia chebula fruit showed in vitro anticancer activity on lung and breast carcinoma cells through the regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-cascade pathways.

The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Terminalia chebula fruit (TCME). The TCME was evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity on A549 and MCF-7 cells. TCME showed cytotoxicity toward A549 (IC - 359.

Ecological perspective of disease-resistance prevalence in Penaeus monodon.

The virulent nature of many suddenly evolved highly contagious pathogens is controlled by surroundings' environment and also by the population density in a particular biogeographical region. Worldwide, the white spot disease (WSD) caused by the contagious white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has devastated the aquaculture of penaeid shrimp species. WSSV is a highly infectious waterborne pathogen.

A Tropical Lichen, Dirinaria consimilis Selectively Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells through the Regulation of p53 and Caspase-Cascade Pathway.

Background: Breast cancer is the most leading cause of death, with 49.9% of crude incidence rate and 12.9% of crude mortality rate.

Extended protocol and real-time PCR dataset for shrimp species identification.

Mitochondrial gene analysis was performed using gene-specific conserved primers by conventional and real-time PCR method. Along with, beta-actin gene analysis using conserved primers was also performed in this article. Mitochondrial gene sequence as well as beta-actin sequence data were acquired by Sanger sequencing technique.

Development and characterization of white spot disease linked microsatellite DNA markers in Penaeus monodon, and their application to determine the population diversity, cluster and structure.

Pathogens that are introduced suddenly to natural populations can potentially cause quick changes to the genetics and diversity of the host. In the past three decades, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused damaging epizootics in Penaeus monodon populations. In this study, we developed WSSV resistance- or susceptibility-linked microsatellite DNA markers, and their effectiveness was validated experimentally.

In Vitro Mechanistic Study of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Quinoline Isolated from Spondias pinnata Bark.

The search for new plant-based anti-inflammatory drugs continues in order to overcome the detrimental side effects of conventional anti-inflammatory agents, both steroidal and nonsteroidal. This study involves the quinoline SPE2, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinolin-2(1 H)-one, isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Spondias pinnata bark. Structure elucidation was done using analytical spectroscopic methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography.

An ellagic acid isolated from Clerodendrum viscosum leaves ameliorates iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice through inhibition of oxidative stress and the apoptotic pathway.

Iron is a vital element required for normal cellular physiology in animal systems, but excess iron accumulation in the biological system accelerates oxidative stress, cellular toxicity, tissue injury and organ fibrosis, which ultimately leads to the generation of chronic liver diseases including cancer. A natural antioxidant, ellagic acid (EA) has been previously reported for its pharmacological properties; however, there is no significant evidence available that could illustrate its protective potential against iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity. In the present work, EA was evaluated for its in vitro free radical scavenging and iron chelation potentials.

Self-Assembled BODIPY-Based Iridium Metallarectangles: Cytotoxicity and Propensity to Bind Biomolecules.

A new 4-ethynylpyridine 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based ligand L, which was synthesized by means of the Sonogashira coupling method, was used to obtain two new [2+2] iridium-based metallarectangles, 3 and 4. Ligand L and metallarectangles 3 and 4 were fully characterized through various analytical techniques. The structure of rectangle 4 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which showed the formation of an expected [2+2] supramolecule, in which the iridium metal centers were bridged with ligand L to form the desired metallarectangle 4.

An Indian Desert Shrub 'Hiran Chabba', Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, Exhibits Potent Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effect Against Iron- Overload Induced Liver Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice.

Background: Farsetia hamiltonii Royle, also known as Hiran Chabba grows in desert regions. It is widely used as folk medicine to treat joint pains, diarrhea and diabetes. However, its antioxidant and iron chelation abilities both in vitro and in vivo have not yet been investigated.

A natural antioxidant, tannic acid mitigates iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice through ROS regulation.

Tannic acid (TA), a water soluble natural polyphenol with 8 gallic acids groups, is abundantly present in various medicinal plants. Previously TA has been investigated for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Being a large polyphenol, TA chelates more than 1 metal.

Self-Assembly of Novel Thiophene-Based BODIPY Ru Rectangles: Potential Antiproliferative Agents Selective Against Cancer Cells.

Novel Ru (2+2) rectangles were designed and synthesized by self-assembly of a new thiophene-functionalized dipyridyl BODIPY ligand, BDPS, and ruthenium(II) precursors. The complexes exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activities against cancer cells, in which some compounds selectively kill cancer cells. The net fluorescence due to BODIPY allowed us to visualize their location inside cancer cells.

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Various Solvent Fractions from Leaves.

Background: Free radicals such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, generated in the body, play an important role in the fulfillment of various physiological functions but their imbalance in the body lead to cellular injury and various clinical disorders such as cancer, neurodegenaration, and inflammation.

Objective: The objective of this study is to fight this problem, natural antioxidant from plants can be considered as possible protective agents against various diseases such as cancer which might also modify the redox microenvironment to reduce the genetic instability. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of fractions against various carcinomas.

Self-Assembled Novel BODIPY-Based Palladium Supramolecules and Their Cellular Localization.

Four new palladium metal supramolecules with triangular/square architectures derived from boron dipyrromethane (BODIPY) ligands were synthesized by self-assembly and fully characterized by H and P NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These supramolecules were more cytotoxic to brain cancer (glioblastoma) cells than to normal lung fibroblasts. Their cytotoxicity to the glioblastoma cells was higher than that of a benchmark metal-based chemotherapy drug, cisplatin.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of different solvent fractions from Terminalia belerica Roxb. fruit on various cancer cells.

Terminalia belerica Roxb. fruits have been previously reported against diabetes, ulcer, microbial problems and hepatotoxicity. The present study was aimed to investigate antioxidant and anticancer potential of sequentially fractionated hexane (TBHE), chloroform (TBCE), ethyl acetate (TBEE), butanol (TBBE) and water (TBWE) extracts from the 70% methanolic extract of T.

Glycoside rich fraction from Spondias pinnata bark ameliorate iron overload induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice.

Background: Iron in the overloaded condition in liver promotes the overproduction of free radicals that lead to oxidative stress and ultimately hepatic damage. The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorating potential from iron overloaded hepatotoxicity by the glycosidic fraction from Spondious pinnata bark (SPW1) along with its antioxidant property.

Methods: The fraction was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging property and iron chelation potential via standard biochemical assays.

Role of phenolics from Spondias pinnata bark in amelioration of iron overload induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice.

Background: Crude Spondias pinnata bark extract was previously assessed for its antioxidant, anticancer and iron chelating potentials. The isolated compounds gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) were evaluated for their curative potential against iron overload-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocellular damage.

Methods: In vitro iron chelation property and in vivo ameliorating potential from iron overload induced liver toxicity of GA and MG was assessed by different biochemical assays and histopathological studies.

A microalga, Euglena tuba induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in human lung and breast carcinoma cells through ROS-mediated regulation of MAPKs.

Background: Euglena tuba, a microalga, is known for its excellent antioxidant and iron-chelation activities; however its anticancer efficacies have not been reported yet. This study investigates the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of 70 % methanolic extract of Euglena tuba (ETME) against human lung (A549) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro. Moreover, we had examined ETME's role in inducing intracellular ROS with the regulation of antioxidants and MAPK pathway.

Novel BODIPY-based Ru(II) and Ir(III) metalla-rectangles: cellular localization of compounds and their antiproliferative activities.

The first examples of Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) metalla-rectangles [1](4+)-[4](4+) containing a BODIPY-based linker are reported; some of these compounds exhibited highly selective anticancer activity and interact strongly with DNA as well as protein. The characteristic green fluorescence of a BODIPY ligand and associated aggregation-induced emission (AIE) permitted visualization of compounds inside the cells using confocal microscopy.

Wild Edible Fruit of Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a Potential Source of Antioxidants, Ameliorates Iron Overload-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Liver Fibrosis in Mice.

The antioxidant and restoration potentials of hepatic injury by Prunus nepalensis Ser. (Steud), a wild fruit plant from the Northeastern region of India, were investigated. The fruit extract (PNME) exhibited excellent antioxidant and reducing properties and also scavenged the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (IC50 = 30.