Bandung, Indonesia, demonstrates the relationship between climate variability and topography affecting wet deposition, with a focus on pH levels and pollutants as part of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network.
The study found that specific ions varied in distribution due to local emissions, while high-traffic areas were more acidic compared to rural sites, which had a basic pH due to different ion concentrations.
Seasonal patterns showed higher total ion concentrations during dry seasons, influenced by climatic events like El Niño/La Niña, and indicated ongoing changes in emission sources and environmental conditions.