Increased impact sensitivity in ageing high explosives; analysis of Amatol extracted from explosive remnants of war.

Millions of tonnes of explosive remnants of war remain in nature and their volume is continuously growing. The explosive legacy of wars represents an increasing threat to the environment and societal safety and security. As munitions continue to deteriorate, harmful constituents will eventually leak into the environment, poisoning ecological receptors and contaminating the surrounding soil and groundwater.

Analysis of samples of high explosives extracted from explosive remnants of war.

Millions of tonnes of dumped ammunition and explosive remnants of war remain in nature both on land and at sea. It is well known that the ordnance could represent a definite explosive risk if disturbed, and that some of the constituents in the ammunition could be harmful to humans and the environment. Nevertheless, a tacit assumption by decision makers is that, if left alone, the ammunition will slowly become harmless over time.

The O-specific polysaccharides structures of Pseudomonas strains isolated from the Ficus elastica.

Two Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the Ficus elastica leaves. The O-antigens were obtained using phenol-water method and mild acid degradation. The following structures of the O-polysaccharides were established by sugar analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy: OPS of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans BIM B-1171 G -2)[aDGlcp(1-3)]bDRhap(1-3)aDManp(1-3)aDRhap(1- OPS of Pseudomonas sp.

O-specific polysaccharides structures of Pseudomonas strains isolated from the strawberry leaves.

Two Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the strawberry leaves. The O-antigens were obtained using phenol-water method and mild acid degradation. The following structures of the O-polysaccharides were established by sugar analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy: OPS of Pseudomonas koreensis BIM B-970G →3)-α-D-FucNAcp-(1 → 2)-β-D-Quip3NAc-(1 → 3)-α-L-6dTalp4OAc-(1→ OPS of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans BIM B-1072G →4)-α-L-FucpNAm3OAc-(1 → 3)-α-D-QuipNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcpNAc3NAcA-(1→ Where Am - acetimidoyl.

Beneficial microbiota. Probiotics and pharmaceutical products in functional nutrition and medicine.

The article is mainly devoted to such representatives of gut microbiota as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, with minor accent on less frequently used or new probiotic microorganisms. Positive effects in treatment and prevention of diseases by different microbial groups, their metabolites and mechanisms of action, management and market of probiotic products are considered.

Structures of cell-wall glycopolymers of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BIM B-1039.

Glycopolymers of two types were isolated from the cell wall of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BIM B-1039 by stepwise extraction with cold and hot 10% aq CClCOH followed by anion-exchange gel chromatography. The following structures of the glycopolymers were established by sugar analysis, Smith degradation and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

Investigation of O-polysaccharides from bacterial strains of Pseudomonas genus as potential receptors of bacteriophage BIM BV-45.

The structure of potential bacteriophage receptors located on cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria deposited at Belarusian collection of microorganisms was investigated. Studies by 1D and 2D H and C NMR spectroscopy enabled to elucidate the structure of the O-specific polysaccharides (OPS) constituting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of some Pseudomonas species. The capacity of bacteriophage to adsorb to LPS molecules was tested.

Structures of O-specific polysaccharides of Pseudomonas psyhrotolerans BIM B-1158G.

Strain of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans was cultured on the nutrient agar and in a liquid nutrient broth. Bacterial cells were phage-typed with bacteriophages specific to Pseudomonas. O-antigen was isolated from cells using phenol-water method and mild acid degradation.

Linear α-(1 → 6)-d-glucan from Bifidobacterium bifidum BIM В-733D is low molecular mass biopolymer with unique immunochemical properties.

Role of microorganisms in induction of/protection from autoimmune diseases is proven though molecular mechanisms and bacterial/viral/yeast biopolymers responsible for these effects are in the research stage. Autoantobodies (AAbs) to thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) as well as AAbs to transglutaminase 2 (anti-TG2) and antibodies to gliadins (anti-gliadins) are serological markers of autoimmune thyroid disease and celiac disease, respectively, and players in pathogenesis of these autoimmune diseases. In current study, biopolymer of Bifidobacterium bifidum BIM В-733D that interacts selectively with anti-gliadins (Bb-G) was isolated by affinity chromatography with anti-gliadins, purified by size exclusion chromatography on TSK 40 gel and identified by NMR as linear α-(1 → 6)-d-glucan with molecular mass about 5000 Da.

Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100.

Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

[The Phenomenon of Short PQ Interval in Children].

Data of analysis of the clinical course of a natural phenomenon of short PQ interval in 300 children are presented. During the period.

[Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Longterm Feeding with Amino Acid-Based Formula in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: Results of the Open-Label Prospective Controlled Post-Registration Trial].

Background: The cow’s milk allergy (CMA) prevalence is 2−3% in children under one year. Approximately in 5% of cases transferring to extensively hydrolysed formula (eHF) doesn’t lead to disappearance of CMA symptoms.

Aims: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of amino-acid formula (AAF) longterm feeding in children under one year and development of predictors of successful transfer from AAF to eHF.

Isolation and structural identification of glycopolymers of Bifidobacterium bifidum BIM B-733D as putative players in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Bifidobacterium bifidum 791 (commercially available as B. bifidum BIM B-733D) cell-surface biopolymers (BPs) interact selectively with human serum thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibodies (anti TPO and anti Tg, respectively). BPanti-TPO and BPanti-Tg were isolated from the soluble fraction of B.

Structures of cell-wall phosphate-containing glycopolymers of Bifidobacterium longum BIM B-476-D.

Glycopolymers with oligosaccharyl phosphate repeats of two types and ribitol and glycerol teichoic acids were isolated from cell wall of Bifidobacterium longum BIM B-476-D by stepwise extraction with 10% CCl3CO2H. The following structures of the glycopolymers were established by sugar analysis, selective cleavage with aq 2% HOAc, dephosphorylation with 48% HF, 2D NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution ESI MS: [structure: see text]. The ribitol teichoic acid also contains minor D-alanine, whose position was not determined.

Structure of the major O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas fluorescens BIM B-582: identification of 4-deoxy-D-xylo-hexose as a component of bacterial polysaccharides.

A novel constituent of bacterial polysaccharides, 4-deoxy-D-xylo-hexose (D-4dxylHex), was found in the major O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas fluorescens BIM B-582. D-4dxylHex was isolated in the free state by paper chromatography after full acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide and identified by GLC-mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and specific rotation. It occurs as a lateral substituent in ∼40% of the oligosaccharide repeating units, making the polysaccharide devoid of strict regularity.

The role of components of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in pathogenesis and serologic diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases.

During recent years, researchers have been focusing on the concept of an infectious etiology of autoimmune diseases. The most discussed theory is molecular mimicry, i.e.

Bacteriophage receptors, mechanisms of phage adsorption and penetration into host cell.

Bacteriophages are an attractive tool for application in the therapy of bacterial infections, for biological control of bacterial contamination of foodstuffs in the alimentary industry, in plant protection, for control of water-borne pathogens, and control of environmental microflora. This review is mainly focused on structures governing phage recognition of host cell and mechanisms of phage adsorption and penetration into microbial cell.

Structure of the cell wall polysaccharides of probiotic bifidobacteria Bifidobacteriumbifidum BIM B-465.

The composition and structure of cell wall polysaccharides of a biotechnologically promising probiotic strain of bifidobacteria Bifidobacteriumbifidum BIM B-465 were established by monosaccharide and methylation analyses along with 2D (1)H-(1)H homonuclear and (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy. The major polysaccharide represents a branched glucogalactan consisting of heptasaccharide repeating units having the following structure: -->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->2)-beta-D-Galf-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1--> [structure: see the text]. The second isolated polysaccharide is a branched glucan with the main chain of (1-->6)-linked alpha-d-glucopyranose residues, approximately 60% of which are 2-substituted with a single alpha-d-glucopyranosyl group.

[Application of the methods of molecular systematics to classification and identification of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium].

The methods of molecular systematics currently used in the classification and identification of bifidobacteria are reviewed. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and some other genes considered to be phylogenetic markers is a universal and effective approach to taxonomic characterization of members of the genus Bifidobacterium and to reliable identification of new isolates. Various techniques of obtaining DNA fingerprints (PFGE, RAPD, rep-PCR) are widely used for solving particular problems in identifying bifidobacteria.

[Fractions of barley spent grain as media for growth of probiotic bacteria].

The application of the protein and polysaccharide fractions of barley spent grain as a basis of growth media for probiotic bacteria was studied. High values of biomass yield, cell viability, and organic acid production were observed in the variants of media containing the barley spent grain supplemented with lactose, ascorbic acid, yeast extract, and mineral salts. Cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria had the typical rod-shaped morphology.

[Production of hydrolases by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria and their antibiotic resistance].

It was demonstrated that bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria B. adolescentis and Lactobacillus sp. synthesized extracellular enzymes cleaving glycoside bonds in the molecules of dextran, pectic acid, and soluble starch.

[Biological activity of probiotic microorganisms].

Adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to nutrient media with increased concentrations of bile (1%) and protein substrates of animal origin allowed the variants resistant to bile and displaying a high production of proteolytic enzymes (active within the pH range of 2.5-9.0) to be selected.

[Analysis of phospholipids in bifidobacteria].

Methods of preparative chromatography on silica gel columns were used for obtaining preparations of polar lipids of bifidobacteria. Studies of the preparations by one-dimensional and two-dimensional TLC demonstrated that diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the predominant phospholipids; minor phospholipids (phosphorus-containing components present in considerably lower amounts) included phosphatidylinositol (PI) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC). Parameters of qualitative composition of phospholipids and glycolipids may serve as a set of chemotaxonomic markers in modem procedures for identifying Bifidobacterium species.

[Biological activity of polar lipids from bifidobacteria].

Fractions of polar lipids have been isolated from bifidobacteria, and the immunoreactivity and serological specificity of glycolipids and phospholipids have been studied. Enzyme immunoassay (dot-EIA) of polar lipids demonstrates that the fractions of glycolipids and phospholipids of bifidobacteria are highly immunoreactive. Pronounced reactions of major glycolipids and phospholipids with a homologous polyvalent antiserum against B.

[Isolation and comparative analysis of glycolipid fractions in bifidobacteria].

A comparative TLC analysis of lipid extracts from Bifidobacterium longum B 379 M, B. bifidum 791, and B. adolescentis 94 BIM has been performed.