Abdominal lymphatic malformations in children: case series.

Lymphatic Malformations (LMs) are benign congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that commonly involve the abdomen in children (mesentery of the small intestine and omentum). The management of these malformations is not unique. 7 children with different ages (range: newborn to 14 years), diagnosis was incidental in some cases, while in others for abdominal pain.

Resolving native GABA receptor structures from the human brain.

Type A GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors (GABA receptors) mediate most fast inhibitory signalling in the brain and are targets for drugs that treat epilepsy, anxiety, depression and insomnia and for anaesthetics. These receptors comprise a complex array of 19 related subunits, which form pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. The composition and structure of native GABA receptors in the human brain have been inferred from subunit localization in tissue, functional measurements and structural analysis from recombinant expression and in mice.

When a double negative is not a positive: Autoantibodies against IL-10 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

IL-10 autoantibodies are detected in two patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease.

Satisfaction and results of the subareolar incision as treatment for gynecomastia in adolescents: experience of two centers.

Gynecomastia is a benign glandular proliferation that can affect adolescents causing significant psychological discomfort. Generally, it is idiopathic but underlying endocrinological conditions must be excluded. Different surgical techniques are available, the surgical correction with subareolar incision achieves the goal of satisfactory aesthetic result for patients.

Increasing vaccination coverage among healthcare workers: Active call and mandatory laws. Data from a large general hospital in Southern Italy.

Influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are respiratory pathogens which significantly impact healthcare systems. Seasonal vaccination is recommended for all healthcare workers (HCWs) to reduce the risk for both operators and patients. Puglia, a region in Southern Italy, has been enforcing since 2018 a law mandating influenza vaccination in healthcare workers.

Are the complications after laparo-assisted endo-rectal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease related to the change of the anal tone?

The main advantage of the laparo-assisted transanal endorectal pull-through technique (LA - TERPT) for Hirschsprung Disease (HD) is the respect to the rectal-anal anatomy. Postoperative complications have been observed recently. The present study aims to determine how often these postoperative complications occur in these patients.

GDF5 as a rejuvenating treatment for age-related neuromuscular failure.

Sarcopenia involves a progressive loss of skeletal muscle force, quality and mass during ageing, which results in increased inability and death; however, no cure has been established thus far. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) has been described to modulate muscle mass maintenance in various contexts. For our proof of concept, we overexpressed GDF5 by AAV vector injection in tibialis anterior muscle of adult aged (20 months) mice and performed molecular and functional analysis of skeletal muscle.

Unusual position of pilonidal sinus in children may explain its malformative etiology: Case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Pilonidal sinus is a condition that causes inflammation and abscesses in the sacral region and affects adolescents and young adults. The etiology of this condition remains controversial.

Case Presentation: A six year old boy was observed to have an orifice in the frontonasal region which contained hair.

Structural mechanisms of α7 nicotinic receptor allosteric modulation and activation.

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel that plays an important role in cholinergic signaling throughout the nervous system. Its unique physiological characteristics and implications in neurological disorders and inflammation make it a promising but challenging therapeutic target. Positive allosteric modulators overcome limitations of traditional α7 agonists, but their potentiation mechanisms remain unclear.

RhoA Is a Crucial Regulator of Myoblast Fusion.

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells that are mobilized when muscle homeostasis is perturbed. Here we show that RhoA in SCs is indispensable to have correct muscle regeneration and hypertrophy. In particular, the absence of RhoA in SCs prevents a correct SC fusion both to other RhoA-deleted SCs (regeneration context) and to growing control myofibers (hypertrophy context).

Structural insights into opposing actions of neurosteroids on GABA receptors.

γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptors mediate fast inhibitory signaling in the brain and are targets of numerous drugs and endogenous neurosteroids. A subset of neurosteroids are GABA receptor positive allosteric modulators; one of these, allopregnanolone, is the only drug approved specifically for treating postpartum depression. There is a consensus emerging from structural, physiological and photolabeling studies as to where positive modulators bind, but how they potentiate GABA activation remains unclear.

Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: drugs or ablation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and mutually exert negative influences with important clinical implications. Although there is evidence that restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm may have favourable clinical effects in patients with HF, there is no evidence of a survival benefit with pharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention compared with a heart rate control strategy. In these patients, transcatheter ablation (CA) of AF represents a procedure with an excellent safety profile in centres with expertise and a high volume of interventions.

Differential interactions of resting, activated, and desensitized states of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with lipidic modulators.

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel that modulates neuronal excitability, largely by allowing Ca permeation. Agonist binding promotes transition from a resting state to an activated state, and then rapidly to a desensitized state. Recently, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human α7 receptor in nanodiscs were reported in multiple conformations.

In Which Patients and Why Is Laparoscopy Helpful for the Impalpable Testis?

Since laparoscopy has been proposed in the management of the nonpalpable testis (NPT), this technique has been widely diffused among pediatric surgeons and urologists, but its application is still debated. We conducted a retrospective review to highlight how diagnostic and surgical indications for laparoscopy are selective and should be targeted to individual patients. From 2015 to 2019, 135 patients with NPT were admitted to our surgical division.

Can Infant Dyschezia Be a Suspect of Rectosigmoid Redundancy?

Infant dyschezia is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that occurs in children less than nine months of age. This disorder causes much anxiety among parents who consult different physicians when suspecting major intestinal problems. The aim of this study is to verify whether infant dyschezia involves an anatomic abnormality (redundancy) of the colon.

Structural mechanisms of GABA receptor autoimmune encephalitis.

Autoantibodies targeting neuronal membrane proteins can cause encephalitis, seizures, and severe behavioral abnormalities. While antibodies for several neuronal targets have been identified, structural details on how they regulate function are unknown. Here we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of antibodies derived from an encephalitis patient bound to the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) receptor.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Three Resin-Based Dental Composites against .

Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of restorative dental materials may improve restorative treatment outcomes. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate capability to adhere and form biofilm on the surface of three commercially available composite resins (CRs) with different chemical compositions: GrandioSO (VOCO), Venus Diamond (VD), and Clearfil Majesty (ES-2). Disk-shaped specimens were manufactured by light-curing the CRs through two glass slides to maintain a perfectly standardized surface topography.

RhoA within myofibers controls satellite cell microenvironment to allow hypertrophic growth.

Adult skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue that can adapt its size to workload. Here, we show that RhoA within myofibers is needed for overload-induced hypertrophy by controlling satellite cell (SC) fusion to the growing myofibers without affecting protein synthesis. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that RhoA controls in a cell autonomous manner Erk1/2 activation and the expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators such as and macrophage chemo-attractants such as / Their decreased expression in RhoA mutants is associated with ECM and fibrillar collagen disorganization and lower macrophage infiltration.

Esophageal impedance baseline in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A pilot study.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may induce gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Esophageal impedance baseline values (BI) reflect mucosal inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate BI levels in preterm infants with BPD compared with those without BPD and to identify BI predictors.

COVID-19 Can Cause Severe Intussusception in Infants: Case Report and Literature Review.

COVID-19 may cause intussusception in infants. We report on a case of severe ileo-colic intussusception in an infant with COVID-19 who required an ileo-colic resection. A literature review revealed 9 other cases with COVID-19 and intussusception.

Thoracoscopic excision of asymptomatic antenatally diagnosed mediastinal bronchogenic cysts: A case report.

Bronchogenic Cysts (BCs) are benign congenital malformations commonly located in the mediastinum. In recent years the development of antenatal diagnosis has changed the BCs management allowing an earlier minimally invasive approach. We report a case of an asymptomatic 8-months-old girl with antenatal diagnosis of subcarinal posterior mediastinal BC.