Assessment of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Social Determinants of Health: A Survey of Practices in Pediatric Weight Management Programs.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with increased incidence of pediatric obesity. Recent literature highlights an imperative need to assess ACEs and SDoH among youth and families with obesity to identify those individuals requiring targeted interventions. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the frequency, methodology, and barriers in evaluation of ACEs and SDoH within pediatric weight management programs (PWMPs).

Telehealth Use in a National Pediatric Weight Management Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to assess the implementation and access to telehealth-delivered pediatric weight management (PWM) during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic at six US PWM programs (PWMP) using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. The COVID-19 period (COVID) was defined in this retrospective, multisite study as the time when each site closed in-person care during 2020. The Pre-COVID period (Pre-COVID) was an equivalent time frame in 2019.

Deep Learning-Generated Synthetic MR Imaging STIR Spine Images Are Superior in Image Quality and Diagnostically Equivalent to Conventional STIR: A Multicenter, Multireader Trial.

Background And Purpose: Deep learning image reconstruction allows faster MR imaging acquisitions while matching or exceeding the standard of care and can create synthetic images from existing data sets. This multicenter, multireader spine study evaluated the performance of synthetically created STIR compared with acquired STIR.

Materials And Methods: From a multicenter, multiscanner data base of 328 clinical cases, a nonreader neuroradiologist randomly selected 110 spine MR imaging studies in 93 patients (sagittal T1, T2, and STIR) and classified them into 5 categories of disease and healthy.

Seasonal variability in body mass index change among children enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry: A step in the right direction.

Background: Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in paediatric weight management (PWM) programs.

Challenges and solutions to sustaining paediatric weight management programs in the United States.

Paediatric weight management (PWM) programs in the United States (US) face challenges in providing sustainable multidisciplinary care for patients. The aim of this study was to report PWM program approaches to sustaining program delivery. A survey of 39 PWM programs was administered to identify challenges and solutions to program sustainability.

Acceptability of Time-Limited Eating in Pediatric Weight Management.

Background: Adherence to dietary interventions is a significant barrier in the treatment of childhood obesity. Time-limited eating (TLE) is a simple dietary approach that limits food intake to a given number of consecutive hours per day, but parental and youth acceptability of TLE in youth with obesity is unknown. This study explored the feasibility of utilizing TLE among parents and youth attending pediatric weight management (PWM).

Impact and outcome evaluation of HealthPathways: a scoping review of published methodologies.

INTRODUCTION The HealthPathways programme is an online health information system used mainly in primary health care to promote a consistent and integrated approach to patient care. AIM The aim of this study is to perform a scoping review of the methodologies used in published impact and outcomes evaluations of HealthPathways programmes. METHODS The review included qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods evaluations of the impact or outcome of HealthPathways.

Relationship between Verbal and Nonverbal Tests of Auditory Temporal Processing.

Background: Audiologists may choose to evaluate auditory temporal processing in assessing auditory processing abilities. Some may decide to use measures of nonverbal stimuli such as tonal or noise gap detection. Others may decide to use verbal measures such as time compressed sentences (TCS).

Weight History in Clinical Practice: The State of the Science and Future Directions.

Eliciting a weight history can provide clinically important information to aid in treatment decision-making. This view is consistent with the life course perspective of obesity and the aim of patient-centered care, one of six domains of health care quality. However, thus far, the value and practicality of including a weight history in the clinical assessment and treatment of patients with obesity have not been systematically explored.

Associations between obesity severity and medical comorbidities for children with obesity in low intensity hospital intervention.

Background: Childhood obesity has increased dramatically in the United States. Most available research has followed obesity prevalence with little attention to medical comorbidities, which could guide prevention and intervention.

Methods: A retrospective chart review examined 2038 children referred to a Pediatric Weight Management Clinic providing low intensity (<26 contact hours) intervention.

Potential solutions for pediatric weight loss programs in the treatment of obesity in rural communities.

Pediatric obesity remains disproportionately more prevalent in rural communities; however, multidisciplinary, pediatric weight loss programs, which are often located in tertiary-care centers, may not be accessible to rural families. Limited models to specifically address pediatric obesity in rural communities exist. Therefore, innovative solutions are required for expanded treatment of pediatric obesity in rural communities.

Executive Function Impairments in Adolescents With Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Adolescents with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are at high risk of poor physical and cognitive health consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore executive function (EF) in adolescents with obesity and OSAS, describe physical activity and sleep duration, and explore the relationships between EF and physical activity and sleep duration. Participants comprised 20 adolescents (ages 11-17 years) with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 95th percentile) and OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 1.

Bedtime Use of Technology and Associated Sleep Problems in Children.

Children comprise one of the largest consumer groups of technology. Sleep is fundamental to optimal functioning during childhood, including health and behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore bedtime electronic use and its impact on 3 health consequences-sleep quantity and quality, inattention, and body mass index.

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with comorbidities of childhood obesity.

Purpose: Our study sought to further delineate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to comorbidities of childhood obesity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review from 155 obese children aged 5 to 19 years who attended the Penn State Children’s Hospital Pediatric Multidisciplinary Weight Loss Program from November 2009 through November 2010. We determined the incidence of hypovitaminosis D and examined its association with comorbidities including elevated blood pressure, diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, depression, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and abnormal liver function test results, as well as age, sex, and geographic location.

Pediatric obesity and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of absolute BMI as it relates to children's depression index scores in obese 7- to 17-year-old children.

Unlabelled: Depression and obesity are important in children because they affect health in childhood and later life. The exact relationship between obesity and depression, especially in children, remains undefined.

Patients And Methods: Using a cross-sectional chart review design, our study looked at a weight management clinic-based sample of 117 obese children, 7 to 17 years old, to determine the relationship between absolute BMI and depression as measured by the Children's Depression Index (CDI) while accounting for confounders, such as the child's medical problems, physical activity, and family structure.

Exercise and diet-induced weight loss attenuates oxidative stress related-coronary vasoconstriction in obese adolescents.

Obesity is a disease of oxidative stress (OS). Acute hyperoxia (breathing 100 % O(2)) can evoke coronary vasoconstriction by the oxidative quenching of nitric oxide (NO). To examine if weight loss would alter the hyperoxia-related coronary constriction seen in obese adolescents, we measured the coronary blood flow velocity (CBV) response to hyperoxia using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography before and after a 4-week diet and exercise regimen in 6 obese male adolescents (age 13-17 years, BMI 36.

Tailored CT: primum non nocere.

Despite its vital diagnostic utility, the ionizing radiation used in CT is not benign. Patients have an increased risk of dying from a radiation-induced cancer for every pass through a CT scanner. One way to reduce this risk is to tailor CT, especially follow-up scans, to specific areas of concern.

Derivation of clinical prediction rules to identify children with fractures after twisting injuries of the ankle.

Objective: The authors sought to derive maximally sensitive prediction rules for identifying children with significant fractures after acute twisting injuries to the ankle.

Methods: The authors prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to the pediatric emergency department of an urban, tertiary care center after sustaining acute twisting injuries of the ankle. The ankle was defined in two regions: the malleolar zone and the midfoot zone.

Test characteristics of the respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age.

The test characteristics of rapid tests for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants may differ from older children secondary to a lower likelihood of previous illness with RSV. Our main goal was to establish the test characteristics of the RSV Abbott Testpack (TP) enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (EIA) in febrile infants < or = 60 days of age. Our secondary goal was to determine the likelihood of RSV given a particular clinical syndrome and a negative or positive EIA.

Test characteristics of the urine Gram stain in infants

Objective: The utility of the Gram stain for the preliminary diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants
Methods: The study was prospective and observational.

Effects of release time and directionality on unilateral and bilateral hearing aid fittings in complex sound fields.

In studies to date, the effectiveness of the directional microphone has been investigated independently of the signal processing scheme used in the hearing aid. In addition, the number and placement of the background noise speakers can create an advantage for a particular polar pattern (i.e.

To burn or not to burn: use of computer-enhanced stimuli to encourage application of sunscreens.

Skin cancer affects 515,000 Americans every year, causing more than 7,000 deaths. Prior studies attempted, with scant success, to increase general knowledge about protection of the skin and to encourage use of sunscreens. The failure was attributed to the allure of the suntan as a symbol of health and affluence and to the "optimistic bias" (belief in one's own invulnerability) displayed by sunbathers.

Association of a V beta 2-specific superantigen with a tumorigenic milk-borne mouse mammary tumor virus.

A number of endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviruses encode superantigens that have the property of stimulating mature T lymphocytes in a TCR V beta-specific fashion and of mediating V beta-specific clonal deletion in developing T cells. The tumorigenic milk-borne MMTV carried by C3H and GR mice also have superantigen properties in vivo, and it has been proposed that this superantigenic function is critical to the infectivity and/or tumorigenicity of the virus. To test the requirement for superantigen properties in tumorigenic MMTV, a highly tumorigenic strain of MMTV isolated from BALB/c mice (BALB/cV virus) was analyzed for its effect on TCR V beta expression.