Fish diversity assessment through conventional morphological identification and recent advances in Saudi Arabia: A review.

Fish identification in the Red Sea, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has a long history. Because of the vast fish diversity in Saudi Arabia, proper species identification is required. Indeed, identifying fish species is critical for biodiversity conservation, food and drug safety, and sustainable fishery management.

Comparative Effects of Crude Extracts and Bioactive Compounds from and on Nonspecific Immune Responses and Antibacterial Activity Against sp. in Coculture with Lactic Acid Bacteria in Hybrid Grouper ( ♀ × ♂).

This study investigated the effect of substances on nonspecific immune responses of head kidney leukocytes, the antimicrobial activity against sp., as well as the time-kill of sp. by combining the substances with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and sp.

Effects of Taiwanese indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaf hot-water extract on nonspecific immune responses, resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, nonviable cells, and haemocyte subpopulations in white shrimp (Penaeusvannamei).

This study investigated the effects of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf hot-water extract (CLWE) on nonspecific immune responses and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Firstly, a cell viability assay demonstrated that the CLWE is safe to white shrimp heamocytes in the concentration of 0-500 mg L. Haemocytes incubated in vitro with 10 and 50 mg L of CLWE showed significantly higher response in superoxide anion production, PO activity, and phagocytic activity.

Effect of Methylmercury Exposure on Bioaccumulation and Nonspecific Immune Respsonses in Hybrid Grouper × .

Mercury (Hg) is a dangerous heavy metal that can accumulate in fish and is harmful when consumed by humans. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of mercury in the form of methylmercury (MeHg) and evaluated nonspecific immune responses such as phagocytic activity and superoxide anion (O) production in hybrid grouper ( × ). The hybrid grouper leukocytes were incubated with methylmercury chloride (CHHgCl) at concentrations of 10-10,000 µg/L to determine cell viability, phagocytic activity, and O production in vitro.

Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extract enhances immunity, growth, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.

This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract (GLE) on immune responses, growth performance, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). To examine the effect of GLE on the immune response of white shrimps, they were treated with various concentrations of GLE on hemocyte (in vitro) and were orally administered (in vivo) feed containing various concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10 g kg GLE (control, GLE1, GLE5, and GLE10, respectively) for 28 days. Furthermore, their growth performance was evaluated for 56 days.