One-Step Synthesis of a High Entropy Oxide-Supported Rhodium Catalyst for Highly Selective CO Production in CO Hydrogenation.

High entropy oxide (HEO) has shown to be a new type of catalyst support with tunable composition-function properties for many chemical reactions. However, the preparation of a metal nanoparticle catalyst supported on a metal oxide support is time-consuming and takes multiple complicated steps. Herein, we used a one-step glycine-nitrate-based combustion method to synthesize highly dispersed rhodium nanoparticles on a high surface area HEO.

Understanding the Origin of Selective Reduction of CO to CO on Single-Atom Nickel Catalyst.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to CO offers a promising strategy for regulating the global carbon cycle and providing feedstock for the chemical industry. Understanding the origin that determines the faradaic efficiency (FE) of reduction of CO to CO is critical for developing a highly efficient electrocatalyst. Here, by constructing a single-atom Ni catalyst on nitrogen-doped winged carbon nanofiber (NiSA-NWC), we find that the single-atom Ni catalyst possesses the maximum CO FE of over 95% at -1.

Therapeutic Effects of a TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Inhibitor in Germinal Center-Driven Collagen-Induced Arthritis.

Objective: The production of class-switched high-affinity autoantibodies derived from organized germinal centers (GCs) is a hallmark of many autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK-1) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in the maturation of GC follicular helper T (Tfh) cells downstream of inducible costimulator signaling. We undertook this study to assess the therapeutic potential of TBK-1 inhibition using the small-molecule inhibitor WEHI-112 in antibody-dependent models of inflammatory arthritis.

Discovery of novel and potent benzhydryl-tropane trypanocides highly selective for Trypanosoma cruzi.

A benzhydryl tropinone oxime that is potently toxic to Trypanosoma cruzi has been previously identified. An SAR investigation determined that no part of the original compound was superfluous and all early SAR probes led to significant drops in activity. The only alteration that could be achieved without loss of activity was replacement of the aryl chloride substituent with chloro homologues.

Trypanothione reductase high-throughput screening campaign identifies novel classes of inhibitors with antiparasitic activity.

High-throughput screening of 100,000 lead-like compounds led to the identification of nine novel chemical classes of trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitors worthy of further investigation. Hits from five of these chemical classes have been developed further through different combinations of preliminary structure-activity relationship rate probing and assessment of antiparasitic activity, cytotoxicity, and chemical and in vitro metabolic properties. This has led to the identification of novel TR inhibitor chemotypes that are drug-like and display antiparasitic activity.

Discovery of 2-iminobenzimidazoles as a new class of trypanothione reductase inhibitor by high-throughput screening.

A high-throughput screening campaign of a library of 100,000 lead-like compounds identified 2-iminobenzimidazoles as a novel class of trypanothione reductase inhibitors. These 2-iminobenzimidazoles display potent trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, do not inhibit closely related human glutathione reductase and have low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.

FRAXE mutation in a mentally retarded subject and in his phenotypically normal twin brother.

The FRAXE fragile site, 600 kb distal to the more common FRAXA, has been reported to be expressed in subjects with mild non-syndromal mental retardation (MR). Amplification of more than 200 GCC repeats, associated with methylation of the adjacent CpG island at Xq28, leads to the expression of the fragile site. In 1996 a large gene, FMR2, transcribed distally from the CpG island and downregulated by repeat expansion and methylation, was identified.

[Right atrial thrombosis with concomitant thrombus attached to a central venous catheter. Clinical case].

A clinical case of a patient in whom a right atrial thrombosis was casually discovered by transthoracic echocardiography is described. The hypothesis that also the central venous catheter (CVC) could be seat of thrombosis was done, and was confirmed by chest X-ray with dye injection in the CVC. A thrombolytic therapy with plasminogen tissular activator and with heparin infusion was started.

Tertiary hepatic syphilis. A treatable cause of multinodular liver.

Although the incidence of syphilis is increasing, liver involvement in tertiary syphilis remains exceptional. We report a case of tertiary syphilis revealed by liver localization. The clinical picture was misleading, mimicking multinodular hepatic metastasis.

Carcinomas of the colon with multidirectional differentiation. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two cases of colonic carcinomas with multidirectional differentiation are presented. Both tumors showed light microscopic and immunohistochemical evidence of areas of adenocarcinomatous, squamous cell carcinomatous, and neuroendocrine differentiation. Only six similar cases have been previously reported.

Epileptic seizures in patients with acute catatonic syndrome.

Acute catatonic syndrome is a condition that can be caused by a variety of metabolic, neurological, psychiatric, and toxic conditions, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Although ictal catatonia as a manifestation of non-convulsive status epilepticus has been described, reference to the occurrence of seizures in patients with acute catatonic syndrome is anecdotal. Twenty nine patients with acute catatonic syndrome were reviewed to identify patients with seizures after the onset of acute catatonic syndrome.

Hypnotic relaxation: a new sedative tool for colonoscopy?

Sedation is often justified in patients requiring colonoscopy. We investigated the potential usefulness of hypnotic relaxation in 13 women and 11 men (median age, 43 years; range, 22-67) for whom other forms of anesthesia were not available. Hypnotic relaxation resulted in moderate or deep sedation in 12 patients (nine women; p < 0.

[Aneurysmal malformation of the extrahepatic portal vein].

Malformations of extrahepatic portal vein are rare. We report a case of extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm which was incidentally found in a female patient, aged 67, suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis. This malformation was located at the portal bifurcation and presented ultrasonically as an oval, non-echogenic, parahilar mass, 38 mm in diameter, and in continuity with the portal trunk.

Ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. A clinical study.

In view of the higher prevalence of severe ischemic stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and of the recently reported higher frequency of stroke with AF in females, 516 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke, of whom 93 had AF, were retrospectively evaluated. The main anamnestic, clinical and laboratory features of the AF and non-AF groups were statistically compared and the features of the AF group were statistically evaluated according to gender and age. Our results confirm the greater severity of stroke in AF patients than in non-AF patients and the higher frequency of stroke with AF in female patients.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Encephalopathy Following Biliopancreatic Diversion.

Wernicke-Korsakoff disease with sensory-motor neuropathy was diagnosed in three out of a series of 1,663 patients (0.18%), with onset 2, 3 and 5 months after biliopancreatic diversion. Precipitating factors were vomiting, minimal food intake, anorexia, rapid weight loss, and glucose-containing intravenous feeding.

Transient global amnesia: a quantified electroencephalographic study.

In 13 patients who experienced transient global amnesia (TGA), quantified electroencephalographic (qEEG) records were carried out within 1 week of the episodes, and compared with those in 13 cases with cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and 13 normal controls, matched for age and sex. A statistical comparison of the absolute power showed few differences between TGA and TIA patients, and many statistical differences between TGA patients and controls. The qEEG pattern reveals an involvement of the temporo-parietal structures in TGA patients.

[Septicemias after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Risk factors and antibiotic prophylaxis].

The infection following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most severe complications. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and the prognosis of this complication, to look for the risk factors and to define bacterial ecology in order to put forward the most appropriate antibiotherapy. Two thousand and ten patients were included in this study.

Quantitative electroencephalography in Parkinson's disease, dementia, depression and normal aging.

The relationship between depression and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) has rarely been explored. Using a quantitative EEG (qEEG) parameter, we studied four groups of subjects: PD, demented Alzheimer's type and major depressed patients and normal controls. The qEEG data were compared with those of the Mini-Mental State and the Hamilton Depression Scale.