Calcium signaling at the interface between astrocytes and brain inflammation.

Astrocytes are the most prevalent glial cells of the brain and mediate vital roles in the development and function of the nervous system. Astrocytes, along with microglia, also play key roles in initiating inflammatory immune responses following brain injury, stress, or disease-related triggers. While these glial immune responses help contain and resolve cellular damage to the brain, dysregulation of astrocyte activity can in some cases amplify inflammation and worsen impact on neural tissue.

[Effect of ECT on chronic fatigue syndrome].

This is a case report of a 71-year-old woman with periodic depression manifested by atypical symptoms, i.e. extreme fatigue, who was successfully treated with ECT.

Plant-Based Products Originating from Serbia That Affect P-glycoprotein Activity.

Our review paper evaluates the impact of plant-based products, primarily derived from plants from Serbia, on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and their potential in modulating drug resistance in cancer therapy. We focus on the role and regulation of P-gp in cellular physiology and its significance in addressing multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the modulation of P-gp activity by 55 natural product drugs, including derivatives for some of them, based on our team's research findings since 2011.

Molecular mechanisms of the anticancer action of fustin isolated from Scop. in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line.

The aim of the present work was to investigate some of the molecular mechanisms and targets of the anticancer action of the bioflavonoid fustin isolated from the heartwood of Scop. in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. For this purpose, we applied fluorescence microscopy analysis to evaluate apoptosis, necrosis, and mitochondrial integrity, wound healing assay to study fustin antimigratory potential and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control, programmed cell death, metastasis, and epigenetic alterations.

Conventional and Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

(1) Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality both in the general population and heart failure patients. Inflammation may promote the initiation, maintenance and perpetuation of AF, but the impact of inflammatory molecular signaling on the association between AF and heart failure remains elusive. (2) In 111 patients with chronic stable heart failure, baseline values of conventional (IL-6 and hsCRP) and selected novel inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, orosomucoid and endocan) were determined.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis Presenting as Severe Constitutional Symptoms.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a remitting-relapsing systemic autoantibody and immune complex disease with a similar clinical presentation to that of malignancy and infection. The authors report a case of newly diagnosed SLE and lupus nephritis in a 48-year-old woman with constitutional symptoms and unintentional weight loss. Her presentation was further complicated by pericardial effusion and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) facial cellulitis and bacteremia.

Buffer choice and pH strongly influence phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid with RNA.

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is crucial for virus replication and genome packaging. N protein forms biomolecular condensates both in vitro and in vivo in a process known as liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), but the exact factors regulating LLPS of N protein are not fully understood. Here, we show that pH and buffer choice have a profound impact on LLPS of N protein.

Specific protein-RNA interactions are mostly preserved in biomolecular condensates.

Many biomolecular condensates are enriched in and depend on RNAs and RNA binding proteins (RBPs). So far, only a few studies have addressed the characterization of the intermolecular interactions responsible for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the impact of condensation on RBPs and RNAs. Here, we present an approach to study protein-RNA interactions inside biomolecular condensates by applying cross-linking of isotope labeled RNA and tandem mass spectrometry to phase-separating systems (LLPS-CLIR-MS).

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of L. and and studies of potential medicinal applications.

This research explores the synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from acetone (AgNPs-acetone) and aqueous (AgNPs-HO) extracts of . The nanoparticles exhibit isometric morphology and uniform size distribution, as elucidated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses. The utilization of Scanning Transmission Microscopy (STEM) with High-Angle Annular Dark-Field (HAADF) imaging and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) confirms the crystalline nature of AgNPs.

Acute effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on haemostasis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Exercise training is associated with an acute net increase in coagulation, which may increase the risk of atherothrombosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We sought to compare the acute haemostatic effects of a bout of moderate-intensity continuous (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with CAD. Patients after a recent myocardial infarction were randomized into a HIIT or MICT session of exercise training on a stationary bike.

A combined experimental and DFT study of metal core/indocyanine green shell hybrid nanoparticles.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is the FDA-approved fluorescent dye used for in vivo medical imaging, diagnostics, and photothermal therapy. However, this dye is easily degradable in the human vascular system, and therefore its stabilization is preferable. In this work, ICG molecules were stabilized by their adsorption on the surface of the L-methionine-capped Ag and Au nanoparticles (Ag and Au @LM NPs) in aqueous colloidal dispersions.

Effects of exercise training on heart rate variability in individuals with lower extremity arterial disease and claudication: A systematic review.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of studies assessing the effects of regular exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and symptoms of claudication.

Methods: A systematic search in the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Scielo, was conducted and updated on January 21, 2023. Randomized clinical trials investigating patients with LEAD and IC, assessing ≥ 4 wk of exercise interventions, and reporting at least one HRV measure (e.

Relaxation-Assisted Magnetization Transfer Phenomena for a Sensitivity-Enhanced 2D NMR.

2D NOESY and TOCSY play central roles in contemporary NMR. We have recently discussed how solvent-driven exchanges can significantly enhance the sensitivity of such methods when attempting correlations between labile and nonlabile protons. This study explores two scenarios where similar sensitivity enhancements can be achieved in the absence of solvent exchange: the first one involves biomolecular paramagnetic systems, while the other involves small organic molecules in natural abundance.

Giant Primary Apocrine Carcinoma of the Frontal Region: Clinical Presentation, Histopathological Features, and Surgical Treatment.

Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma (PCAC), a subtype of sweat gland carcinoma, is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm. Distinguishing an apocrine carcinoma from a breast carcinoma metastasis is difficult even for a pathologist. Most arise in regions of high apocrine gland density like the axilla, and rarely on the scalp and eyelid, but they can occur elsewhere on the skin.

Integrative solution structure of PTBP1-IRES complex reveals strong compaction and ordering with residual conformational flexibility.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, often composed of defined domains interspersed with flexible, intrinsically disordered regions. Determining the structure of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes involving such RBPs necessitates integrative structural modeling due to their lack of a single stable state. In this study, we integrate magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and small-angle scattering data to determine the solution structure of the polypyrimidine-tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1/hnRNP I) bound to an RNA fragment from the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV).

The Quality of Discharge Summaries After Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of hospital readmission, chronic kidney disease, and death. Therefore, effective communication in discharge summaries is essential for safe transitions of care.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of discharge summaries in AKI survivors and identify predictors of higher quality discharge summaries.

Serum Adropin Levels and Body Mass Composition in Kidney Transplant Recipients-Are There Sex Differences?

Adropin is a secretory peptide that regulates glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, which is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis. The serum adropin level is related to sex and depends upon nutritional preferences. This study aims to determine the association between serum adropin levels and body composition parameters in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), especially emphasizing sex differences.

Astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-induced depression-like behaviors are regulated by Orai1 calcium channels.

Astrocytes contribute to brain inflammation in neurological disorders but the molecular mechanisms controlling astrocyte reactivity and their relationship to neuroinflammatory endpoints are complex and poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the role of the calcium channel, Orai1, for astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-evoked depression behaviors in mice. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis indicated that deletion of Orai1 in astrocytes downregulates genes in inflammation and immunity, metabolism, and cell cycle pathways, and reduces cellular metabolites and ATP production.

Cross-Polarization Schemes for Improved Heteronuclear Transfers Involving Labile Protons in Biomolecular Solution NMR.

INEPT-based experiments are widely used for H→ N transfers, but often fail when involving labile protons due to solvent exchanges. J-based cross polarization (CP) strategies offer a more efficient alternative to perform such transfers, particularly when leveraging the H H exchange process to boost the H→ N transfer process. This leveraging, however, demands the simultaneous spin-locking of both H and H protons by a strong H RF field, while fulfilling the γ B =γ B Hartmann-Hahn matching condition.

Novel hybrids of sclareol and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine show collateral sensitivity in multidrug-resistant glioblastoma cells.

The synthesis of 24 hybrid molecules, consisting of naturally occurring sclareol (SCL) and synthetic 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPs), is described. New compounds were designed with the aim of improving the cytotoxic properties, activity, and selectivity of the parent compounds. Six analogs (12a-f) contained 4-benzylpiperazine linkage, while 4-benzyldiamine linkage was present in eighteen derivatives (12g-r and 13a-f).

Bisbibenzyls from Serbian Primula veris subsp. Columnae (Ten.) Lȕdi and P. acaulis (L.) L.

Bisbibenzyls are specialized metabolites found exclusively in liverworts, until recently; they represent chemical markers of liverworts. Their occurrence in vascular plants was noticed in 2007, when they were found in Primula veris subsp. macrocalyx from Russia.

Octopamine metabolically reprograms astrocytes to confer neuroprotection against α-synuclein.

Octopamine is a well-established invertebrate neurotransmitter involved in fight or flight responses. In mammals, its function was replaced by epinephrine. Nevertheless, it is present at trace amounts and can modulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters by a yet unidentified mechanism.

A hybrid structure determination approach to investigate the druggability of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has called for concerted efforts to generate new insights into the biology of betacoronaviruses to inform drug screening and development. Here, we establish a workflow to determine the RNA recognition and druggability of the nucleocapsid N-protein of SARS-CoV-2, a highly abundant protein crucial for the viral life cycle. We use a synergistic method that combines NMR spectroscopy and protein-RNA cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry to quickly determine the RNA binding of two RNA recognition domains of the N-protein.

Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show relative weaknesses on rhythm tasks beyond their characteristic linguistic impairments. The current study compares preferred tempo and the width of an entrainment region for 5- to 7-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with DLD and considers the associations with rhythm aptitude and expressive grammar skills in the two populations. Preferred tempo was measured with a spontaneous motor tempo task (tapping tempo at a comfortable speed), and the width (range) of an entrainment region was measured by the difference between the upper (slow) and lower (fast) limits of tapping a rhythm normalized by an individual's spontaneous motor tempo.

HFpEF and Atrial Fibrillation: The Enigmatic Interplay of Dysmetabolism, Biomarkers, and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a complex pathophysiology that encompasses systemic proinflammatory state and dysregulated levels of cardiometabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers. The prevalence of both HFpEF and atrial fibrillation (AF) is continuously rising, especially in the elderly. The aim of our study was to explore if there were any differences in biomarker levels and vascular function in the elderly patients with HFpEF with and without AF and to assess interconnections between clinically relevant biomarkers and cardiac and vascular function.