Non-monotonic dose-response of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from XT6 on adipogenesis and expression of and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Objectives: Adipogenesis is the fat cell formation process regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (). The insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 () has a major role in glucose uptake and metabolism in insulin target tissues (i.e.

Qualitative and Quantitative Secondary Metabolite Profiles in a Large Set of Sumatra Benzoin Samples.

Sumatra benzoin, a resin produced by and , is used as an aromatic agent and may have the potential to be developed as a new agricultural fungicide. In this context, we performed a comprehensive metabolite profiling of a commercial grade A resin by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection, evaporative light scattering detection, and mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ELSD-MS) analysis in combination with H NMR. Thirteen compounds including a new cinnamic acid ester containing two -coumaroyl residues were identified after preparative isolation.

A neolignan from Connarus tuberosus as an allosteric GABA receptor modulator at the neurosteroid binding site.

In a screening of a small library of extracts from plants of the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, a hexane extract of Connarus tuberosus roots was found to significantly potentiate the GABA induced fluorescence in a fluorescence (FLIPR) assay in CHO cells stably expressing the αβγ subtype of human GABA receptors. With the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling the activity was linked to the neolignan connarin. In CHO cells the activity of connarin was not abolished by increasing concentrations of flumazenil, while the effect of diazepam was increased by increasing concentrations of connarin.

Clerodane Diterpenes from as Allosteric GABA Receptor Modulators.

An EtOAc extract of leaves led to an allosteric potentiation of the GABA signal in a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing GABA receptors with an αβγ subunit composition. The activity was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling, and four known (, , , and ) and five new clerodane-type diterpenoids (, -, and ) were isolated. Compounds - were obtained from the active time window.

Immunosuppressant flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis.

Some plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine serve as treatment for disease states where a suppression of the cellular immune response is desired. However, the compounds responsible for the immunosuppressant effects of these plants are not necessarily known. The immunosuppressant compounds in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, one of the most promising plants identified in a previous screening, were tracked by HPLC activity profiling and concomitant on-line spectroscopic analysis.

The quaternary indole alkaloids from two Sumatran Lerchea species.

The Sumatran forest plants Lerchea cf. bracteata and L. parviflora were found to contain alkaloids and their extract showed siginificant activity toward some testing pathogenic microbes.