Climate change-driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon.

Global climate change is altering the abundance and spread of various parasites, which has important consequences not only for host-parasite interactions but also for the relationships between different host species. Here, we focus on the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae that causes temperature-dependent proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids. We characterized the temporal changes in the parasite load and the severity of PKD signs (renal hyperplasia, haematocrit) in two sympatric populations of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

The strength and form of natural selection on transcript abundance in the wild.

Gene transcription variation is known to contribute to disease susceptibility and adaptation, but we currently know very little about how contemporary natural selection shapes transcript abundance. Here, we propose a novel analytical framework to quantify the strength and form of ongoing natural selection at the transcriptome level in a wild vertebrate. We estimated selection on transcript abundance in a cohort of a wild salmonid fish (Salmo trutta) affected by an extracellular myxozoan parasite (Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae) through mark-recapture field sampling and the integration of RNA-sequencing with classical regression-based selection analysis.

First record of proliferative kidney disease agent Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in wild brown trout and European grayling in Finland.

The myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae causes temperature-driven proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonid fishes. Despite the economic and ecological importance of PKD, information about the distribution of the parasite is still scarce. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of T.

Measures of the EU Agri-Environmental Protection Scheme (GAEPS) and their impacts on the visual acceptability of Finnish agricultural landscapes.

As a member of the European Union, Finland has committed itself to creating an environmental policy for agriculture. The aims of this study were to evaluate visual impacts of the General Agri-Environmental Protection Scheme (GAEPS) and Supplementary Protection Scheme (SPS) and general attitudes towards some activities in those policies and furthermore to examine the suitability of the method of Alho et al. (2001) for the scenic beauty assessment.

Visual field constriction in 91 Finnish children treated with vigabatrin.

Purpose: To study the prevalence and features of visual field constrictions (VFCs) associated with vigabatrin (VGB) in children.

Methods: A systematic collection of all children with any history of VGB treatment in fifteen Finnish neuropediatric units was performed, and children were included after being able to cooperate reliably in repeated visual field tests by Goldmann kinetic perimetry. This inclusion criterion yielded 91 children (45 boys; 46 girls) between ages 5.

Reversed visual field constrictions in children after vigabatrin withdrawal--true retinal recovery or improved test performance only?

While vigabatrin-associated visual field constrictions have been generally considered irreversible, some case reports have raised the hope of partial improvement after drug withdrawal in occasional patients. Here we describe seven children with epilepsy, whose visual field constrictions, as demonstrated by the kinetic perimetry (Goldmann), attenuated or recovered after discontinuation of vigabatrin therapy. While this improvement may be largely due to better performance in later test sessions, we want to raise the possibility that some visual field recovery may be possible at least in young patients.

No reversion in vigabatrin-associated visual field defects.

Sixty adult patients with partial epilepsy who have been treated with vigabatrin for 7 months to 14 years as mono- or add-on therapy were examined with repeated kinetic Goldmann perimetries to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and long-term outcome of vigabatrin-associated visual field defects. A follow-up examination was performed after 4 to 38 months (mean, 15 +/- 7) in 55 patients, 29 of whom had discontinued vigabatrin therapy. Neither reversion nor progression in visual field constriction was observed.

Visual field defects with vigabatrin: epidemiology and therapeutic implications.

Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug (AED) that acts as a selective irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase. In 1997, 3 cases of severe symptomatic and persistent visual field constriction associated with vigabatrin treatment were described. During 1997 to 1998, similar concentric visual field constrictions were described in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who were receiving vigabatrin concurrently with other AEDs.

Contrast and glare sensitivity in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy compared with healthy volunteers.

Background/aim: Many antiepileptic drugs have influence on visual functions. The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in contrast sensitivity, macular photostress, and brightness acuity (glare) tests in patients with epilepsy undergoing vigabatrin (VGB) or carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy compared with healthy volunteers.

Methods: 32 patients undergoing VGB therapy, 18 patients undergoing CBZ therapy, and 35 healthy volunteers were asked to participate in an ophthalmological examination.

Color vision in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy.

Purpose: To investigate color vision in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy and to evaluate the association between vigabatrin-induced visual field defects and dyschromatopsia.

Design: Nonrandomized comparative trial.

Participants: Thirty-two epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin monotherapy, 18 patients treated with carbamazepine monotherapy, and 47 age-matched healthy controls were examined.

Vigabatrin, a gabaergic antiepileptic drug, causes concentric visual field defects.

Objective: To determine whether there is a causal link between vigabatrin treatment and concentric visual field defects and to evaluate the prevalence of these visual field constrictions.

Background: While the GABAergic antiepileptic drug (AED) vigabatrin was being clinically developed, only rare cases (less than 1:1000) of symptomatic visual field constriction and retinal disorders were reported. During 1997 to 1998, concentric visual field constrictions were described in case reports of mostly drug-resistant epilepsy patients receiving vigabatrin concurrently with other AEDs.

Color vision in diabetic school children.

The color vision of 64 diabetic school children was studied. Acquired color vision defects due to diabetes could not be found in any of the children. Two of the children had a congenital red-green color vision defect.

Refraction and accommodation in diabetic school children.

Refraction and accommodation of 61 diabetic children (aged 9 to 16 years) and 92 non-diabetic children (aged 10 to 16 years) were studied. Myopia was found in 36.1% of the diabetic children and in 29.