Chronic diarrhea due to duodenal candidiasis in a patient with a history of kidney transplantation.

Candida infection in the small intestine is uncommon. We report an unusual case of duodenal candidiasis that presented as chronic diarrhea in a patient who had previously undergone kidney transplantation. A 60-year-old man presented with profuse watery diarrhea that had lasted 6 months 13 years after kidney transplantation.

The effect of adjuvant H1N1 influenza vaccine on allograft kidney function.

Introduction: Administration of the adjuvant influenza vaccine has been suspected to increase the risk of allograft rejection; however, not much is known about the effect of adjuvant H1N1 vaccination on allograft kidney function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant H1N1 vaccine on allograft kidney function.

Methods: A total of 78 stable kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in the study.

A workshop on urinalysis and a survey on urine microscopy among kidney centers of Iran.

Urinalysis is a mandatory diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients with kidney diseases. A workshop on urinalysis was held for nephrologists in Isfahan, Iran, on October 11-12, 2012. After the presentation of the results of a survey of the nephrology centers of Iran on urine microscopy, the most important aspects of urinalysis were presented and discussed.

Two decades of experience in mucormycosis after kidney transplantation.

Background: Invasive mucormycosis is a very rare infection after kidney transplantation. Here, we report 25 renal transplant recipients with mucormycosis; to our knowledge, this is the largest reported population of mucormycosis in these patients.

Material/methods: In a retrospective study, we collected all kidney transplants with mucormycosis from 9 Transplant Centers of Iran from 1990 to 2010.

Epidemiology of culture-negative peritonitis in Iranian patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Introduction: Culture-negative peritonitis is a major challenge in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This study aimed to evaluate the culture-negative peritonitis in patients from the Iranian CAPD Registry.

Materials And Methods: Data of 1472 patients from 26 CAPD centers were analysed.

Impaired kidney allograft function following ezetimibe therapy.

Although ezetimibe therapy has been shown to be effective in lowering serum cholesterol level, it has not been reported to affect serum cyclosporine level in transplant recipients. Here, we describe a kidney transplant recipient who experienced acute kidney allograft dysfunction after ezetimibe prescription. Our patient showed an increase in serum creatinine level as well as a decrease in serum cyclosporine levels 1 month after taking ezetimibe.

Lung contusion and cavitation with exudative plural effusion following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in an adult: a case report.

Introduction: Among the complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are perinephric bleeding and hypertension.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 31-year-old Asian man with an unusual case of hemoptysis and lung contusion and cavitation with exudative plural effusion due to pulmonary trauma following false positioning of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Differential diagnoses included pneumonia and pulmonary emboli, but these diagnoses were ruled out by the uniformly negative results of a lung perfusion scan, Doppler ultrasound, and culture of bronchoalveolar lavage and plural effusion, and because our patient showed spontaneous improvement.

The story of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in Iran.

Iran, a developing country with a population of approximately 71,000,000, is the most populous country in the Middle East and the 16th most populous in the world. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is US$8900 and total health expenditure is approximately 6% of GDP. The total number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients reported by the Management Center for Transplantation and Special Diseases (MCTSD) was 32,686 in 2007, which denotes a prevalence of 466 per million population (pmp) in Iran.

Metabolic abnormalities in patients with recurrent stone formation in a hot territory.

Objective: This was a cross-sectional study of 150 consecutive patients (105 males and 44 females) with nephrolithiasis. Serum and urine metabolic evaluations were preformed.

Results: 70 percent (n=105) of patients were males.

Effect of angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers on stable allograft kidneys: prospective randomized study.

Objective: Is assess the effects of angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers on outcomes in renal transplant recipients without proteinuria or posttransplantation erythrocytosis.

Patients And Methods: Fifty renal transplant recipients (30 men and 20 women, with a mean [SD] age of 40 [13] years) were randomized into 2 groups of 25 patients each; 1 group was treated with losartan for 1 year, and the other was not (control group). Blood pressure and other biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months posttransplantation.

Relationship between serum homocysteine and other parameters in renal transplant patients.

Introduction: Hyperhomocysteinemia frequently occurs after renal transplantation. We therefore assessed whether serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations were correlated with clinical, paraclinical, and arterial Doppler parameters among renal transplant patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 47 patients (30 males, 17 females) who received unrelated living donor renal transplants.

Effects of allopurinol and vitamin E on renal function in patients with cardiac coronary artery bypass grafts.

Background: Acute renal failure is a common complication of cardiac surgery, with oxidants found to play an important role in renal injury. We therefore assessed whether the supplemental antioxidant vitamin E and the inhibitor of xanthine oxidase allopurinol could prevent renal dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods: Of 60 patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min scheduled to undergo CABG surgery, 30 were randomized to treatment with vitamin E and allopurinol for 3-5 days before surgery and 30 to no treatment.

Effect of losartan on Doppler sonography indices in kidney transplant patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Color Doppler sonography indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), can predict arteriosclerosis of internal renal vessels after kidney transplantation. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, however, may have antiatherogenic effects. We therefore assessed the effects of losartan on RIs of renal allografts.

Bone mineral density in kidney transplant recipients and patients on hemodialysis: a comparison with healthy individuals.

Introduction: We measured bone mineral density (BMD) before and after transplantation to determine the frequency and severity of preoperative and postoperative osteoporosis and compare them with the BMD in healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: We determined the BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral levels in 22 men and 18 women who were on long-term dialysis in Yazd, Iran, and a group of kidney transplant recipients including 43 men and 18 women. They were compared with each other and healthy individuals studied in a recent study in Iran.

Skin mucormycosis presenting as an erythema-nodosum-like rash in a renal transplant recipient: a case report.

Introduction: Cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare entity related to kidney transplantation. It usually presents with ecthyma-like lesions and black necrotic cellulitis. We report an unusual case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis presenting as erythema-nodosum-like lesions in a woman who had received a renal transplant.